Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Basilar artery thrombosis: imaging and endovascular therapy

Occlusione dell’arteria basilare: diagnostica per immagini e terapia endovascolare

  • Vascular and Interventional Radiology / Radiologia Vascolare ed Interventistica
  • Published:
La radiologia medica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Basilar artery thrombosis represents a rare type of ischaemic stroke with a mortality rate of 80%–90% if not promptly treated. The aim of our study was to review our experience with computed tomography angiography (CTA) in the diagnosis of basilar artery thrombosis and its treatment with endovascular procedures.

Materials and methods

Our retrospective study is based upon 59 nontrauma patients with episodes of sudden loss of consciousness. Patients were investigated using unenhanced brain CT followed by intracranial CTA (16-slice CT) when no parenchymal haemorrhage was detected. Patients with a CTA diagnosis of basilar artery thrombosis were considered for endovascular treatment. CTA accuracy was evaluated by considering the 12 patients who underwent endovascular angiography (the gold standard). The success of endovascular therapy was evaluated by considering the degree of microcirculatory reperfusion.

Results

After the exclusion of 33 patients affected by parenchymal or subarachnoid haemorrhage, the final study consisted of 26 patients who underwent CTA. Basilar artery thrombosis was diagnosed in 15 of them, and 12 were treated at our institution. The comparison between CTA and endovascular angiography showed 100% agreement in evaluating occlusion site and extension. Seven patients underwent intra-arterial lysis, and five underwent mechanical clot removal.

Conclusions

CTA, with its wide availability and rapid execution times, is the most indicated examination in the case of suspected basilar artery thrombosis. Although there is a lack of randomised controlled prospective studies suggesting the most appropriate therapeutic approach to basilar artery thrombosis, our study lends weight to the role of interventional neuroradiology in the treatment of this condition.

Riassunto

Obiettivo

La trombosi dell’arteria basilare rappresenta una rara forma di ictus, gravata da una mortalità dell’80%–90% in assenza di trattamento. Scopo di questo lavoro è riportare la nostra esperienza nella diagnosi con angio-TC e nel trattamento endovascolare di questa grave tipologia di ictus.

Materiali e metodi

Questo studio retrospettivo considera 59 pazienti non traumatizzati con rapida compromissione dello stato di coscienza sottoposti a TC dell’encefalo senza mezzo di contrasto ed, esclusa un’emorragia parenchimale, ad angio-TC del circolo intracranico (tomografo a 16 detettori). I pazienti con diagnosi angio-TC di trombosi dell’arteria basilare sono stati considerati per il trattamento endovascolare. L’accuratezza diagnostica dell’angio-TC è stata valutata considerando i 12 pazienti che hanno eseguito lo studio angiografico, assunto quale gold-standard. Il successo delle procedure interventistiche è stato valutato considerando il grado di riperfusione del microcircolo.

Risultati

Esclusi i pazienti con diagnosi di emorragia parenchimale e subaracnoidea la casistica è costituita da 26 pazienti sottoposti ad angio-TC, sono stati diagnosticati 15 casi di trombosi della basilare, dei quali 12 trattati presso il nostro ospedale. Il confronto dei reperti angio-TC ed angiografici è sempre stato concordante per sede ed estensione dell’occlusione. Sono state eseguite 7 procedure di lisi intrarteriosa e 5 di rimozione meccanica del trombo.

Conclusioni

Lo studio angio-TC per disponibilità sul territorio e rapidità di esecuzione rappresenta l’esame più indicato per confermare, nel più breve tempo possibile, un sospetto clinico di trombosi di basilare. Pur in assenza di studi prospettici randomizzati e controllati per indicare l’approccio terapeutico ottimale, la nostra esperienza avvalora il ruolo delle tecniche di neuroradiologia interventistica.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References/Bibliografia

  1. Savitz SI, Caplan LR (2005) Vertebrobasilar disease. N Engl J Med 352:2618–2626

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Pfefferkorn T, Mayer T, Schulte-Altedorneburg G et al (2006) Diagnostik und Therapie der Basilaristhrombose. Nervenarzt 77:416–422

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Ferbert A, Brückmann H, Drummen R (1990) Clinical features of proven basilar artery occlusion. Stroke 21:1135–1142

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Schulte-Altedorneburg G, Mayer TE (2007) Management des akuten Basilarisverschlusses. Radiologe 47:355–358

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Baird TA, Muir KW, Bone I (2004) Basilar artery occlusion. Neurocritical Care 3:319–330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Srinivasan A, Goyal M, Al Azri F et al (2006) State-of-the-art imaging of acute stroke. RG 26:S75–S95

    Google Scholar 

  7. Goldmakher GV, Camargo ECS, Furie KL et al (2009) Hyperdense basilar artery sign on unenhanced CT predicts thrombus and outcome in acute posterior circulation stroke. Stroke 40:134–139

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Koo CK, Teasdale E, Muir KW (2000) What constitutes a true hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign? Cerebrovasc Dis 10:419–423

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. El Khaldi M, Pernter P, Ferro F et al (2007) Detection of cerebral aneurysms in nontraumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage: role of multislice CT angiography in 130 consecutive patients. Radiol Med 112:123–137

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Sylaja PN, Puetz V, Dzialowski I et al (2008) Prognostic value of CT angiography in patients with suspected vertebrobasilar ischemia. J Neuroimaging 18:46–49

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Lindsberg PJ, Mattle HP (2006) Therapy of basilar artery occlusion: a systematic analysis comparing intraarterial and intravenous thrombolysis. Stroke 37:922–928

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Davis SM, Donnan GA (2006) Basilar artery thrombosis: recanalisation is the key. Stroke 37:2440

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Schonewille WJ, Algra A, Serena J et al (2005) Outcome in patients with basilar artery occlusion trated conventionally. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76:1238–1241

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Donnan GA, Davis SM, Schellinger PD et al (2006) Intra-arterial thrombolysis is the treatment of choice for basilar thrombosis: pro. Stroke 37:2436–2437

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ford GA (2006) Intra-arterial thrombolysis is the treatment of choice for basilar thrombosis: con. Stroke 37:2438–2439

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Powers WJ (2007) Intra-arterial thrombolysis is the treatment of choice for basilar thrombosis: trial it. Stroke 38:704–706

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Schonewille WJ, Wijman C, Michel P (2006) Treatment and clinical outcome in patients with basilar artery occlusion. Stroke 37:2206

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Williams DO, Borer J, Braunwald E et al (1986) Intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a report from the NHLBI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction trial. Circulation 73:338–346

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Levy EI, Firlik AD, Wisniewski S et al (1999) Factors affecting survival rates for acute vertebrobasilar occlusion treated with intraarterial thrombolytic therapy: a meta-analytical approach. Neurosurgery 45:539–545

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Arnold M, Nedeltchev K, Schroth G et al (2004) Clinical and radiological predictors of recanalisation and outcome of 40 patients with acute basilar artery occlusion treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 75:857–862

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Macleod MR, Davis SM, Mitchell PJ et al (2005) Results of a multicentre, randomized controlled trial of intraarterial urokinase in the treatment of acute posterior circulation ischaemic stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 20:12–17

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Nagel S, Schellinger PD, Hartmann M et al (2009) Therapy of acute basilar artery occlusion. Intrarterial thrombolysis alone vs bridging therapy. Stroke 40:140–146

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to F. Ferro.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bonatti, G., Ferro, F., Haglmüller, T. et al. Basilar artery thrombosis: imaging and endovascular therapy. Radiol med 115, 1219–1233 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11547-010-0568-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11547-010-0568-2

Keywords

Parole chiave

Navigation