Abstract
Through the growing usage of Global Positioning System (GPS) for civilian applications, healthcare of the system has special importance. However, according to the characteristics of the GPS signals, there is a possibility of interferences on GPS signals. Among all distorting factors, spoofing is more deceitful, because the civil receiver is not able to distinguish the counterfeit signal from the genuine signal. In recent years, many efforts have been made to deal with spoofing. We studied recognition of the clear certainty of a spoofed condition in this work, which focuses on Signal Quality Monitoring (SQM) method. In an effort to troubleshoot the previous metrics and methods, we have introduced a new metric for interference detection that investigate both of in-phase and quadrature components of correlation outputs also use parameters associated with the main peak in proper form. As a consequence of simultaneous evaluation of phase and amplitude of GPS signal, the proposed metric is more reliable and average of detection accuracy has increased from 1.3 (related to previous metrics) to 4.8.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Volpe, J. A. (2001). Vulnerability assessment of the transportation infrastructure relying on global positioning system. National Transportation Systems Center, Technical Report.
Baziar, A. R., Moazedi, M., & Mosavi, M. R. (2015). A wavelet based spoofing error compensation technique for Single frequency GPS stationary receiver. In The 1st National Navigation Conference, Sharif University of Technology, pp. 1–6.
Baziar, A. R., Moazedi, M., Mosavi, M. R., & Ghaffari, Z. (2014). A new method for GPS spoofing detection based on pseudo-range measurement in naval applications. Journal of Marine Science University of Imam Khomeini, 2(1), 8–21.
Jahromi, A. J., Broumandan, A., Nielsen, J., & Lachapelle, G. (2012). GPS vulnerability to spoofing threats and a review of anti-spoofing techniques. International Journal of Navigation and Observation, 2012, 1–16.
Jahromi, A. J., Broumandan, A., Nielsen, J., & Lachapelle, G. (2012). GPS spoofer countermeasure effectiveness based on signal strength, noise power, and C/N0 measurements. International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking, 30(4), 181–191.
Jahromi, A. J., Lin, T., Broumandan, A., Nielsen, J., & Lachapelle, G. (2012). Detection and mitigation of spoofing attacks on a vector-based tracking GPS receiver. In International Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation (ION ITM), pp. 3–8.
Mosavi, M. R., Rezaei, M. J., Hosseinzadeh, N., & Kiaamiri, R. A. (2014). New intelligent methods for detection and mitigation of spoofing signal in GPS receivers. Journal of Electronics and Cyber Defense, 2(1), 71–81.
Baziar, A. R., Moazedi, M., & Mosavi, M. R. (2015). Analysis of single frequency GPS receiver under delay and combining spoofing algorithm. Wireless Personal Communications, 83(3), 1955–1970.
Shepard, D. P., & Humphreys, T. E. (2010). Characterization of receiver response to spoofing attacks. GPS World, 21, 27–33.
Ledvina, B. M., Bencze, W. J., Galusha, B., & Miller, I. (2010). An In-line anti-spoofing module for legacy civil GPS receivers. In Proceedings of the ION ITM, San Diego, CA.
Montgomery, P. Y., Humphreys, T. E., & Ledvina, B. M. (2009). A multi-antenna defense: Receiver-autonomous GPS spoofing detection. Inside GNSS, 4(2), 40–46.
Mitelman, A. M. (2004). Signal quality monitoring for GPS augmentation systems (Doctoral dissertation, Stanford University).
Phelts, R. E. (2001). Multi-correlator techniques for robust mitigation of threats to GPS signal quality (Doctoral dissertation, Stanford University).
Pini, M., Fantino, M., Cavaleri, A., Ugazio, S., & Presti, L. L. (2001). Signal quality monitoring applied to spoofing detection. In The 24th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS), pp. 1888–1896.
Wesson, K. D., Shepard, D. P., Bhatti, J. A., & Humphreys, T. E. (2011). An evaluation of the vestigial signal defense for civil GPS anti-spoofing. In The 24th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS), pp. 1–11.
Cavaleri, A., Motella, B., Pini, M., & Fantino, M. (2010). Detection of spoofed GPS signals at code and carrier tracking level. In IEEE Satellite Navigation Technologies and European Workshop on GNSS Signals and Signal Processing (NAVITEC), pp. 1–6.
Cavaleri, A., Motella, B., Pini, M., & Fantino, M. (2010). Detection of spoofed GPS signals at code and carrier tracking level. In 5th ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation Technologies and European Workshop on GNSS Signals and Signal Processing.
Mubarak, O. M., & Dempster, A. G. (2010). Analysis of early late phase in single-and dual-frequency GPS receivers for multipath detection. GPS Solutions, 14(4), 381–388.
Cavaleri, A., Pini, M., Presti, L. L., Fantino, M., Boella, M., & Ugazio, S. (2011). Signal quality monitoring applied to spoofing detection. In Proceedings of the ION GNSS Meeting, Portland, OR.
Tippenhauer, N. O., Pöpper, C., Rasmussen, K. B., & Capkun, S. (2011). On the requirements for successful GPS spoofing attacks. In The 18th ACM conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 75–86.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Farhadi, A., Moazedi, M., Mosavi, M.R. et al. A Novel Ratio-Phase Metric of Signal Quality Monitoring for Real-Time Detection of GPS Interference. Wireless Pers Commun 97, 2799–2818 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-4635-z
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-4635-z