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Identity and Volunteering Intertwined: Reflections on the Values of Young Adults

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Abstract

Volunteering motivation has been studied from many perspectives during the last few decades. These studies have increased our understanding on the individual, dynamic, and reflexive nature of volunteering. Moreover, research that combines volunteering with the concept of identity or role identity has deepened this understanding. Nevertheless, the ways individual volunteers experience and associate volunteering with their personal identities has been little studied. Values can provide an empirical window into the core of personal identity. Identity, values, and volunteering are combined in the approach used in this study, which introduces the theoretical viewpoints of narrative identity and value identity. The analyses of 24 life course interviews demonstrated volunteering can be used in identity work for expressing the core values of individuals. The results also indicate the variety and range of values, which can be associated with volunteering.

Résumé

Au cours des dernières décennies, les motivations qui mènent à la pratique du bénévolat ont été étudiées sous de nombreuses perspectives. Ces études ont permis de mieux comprendre les composantes individuelle, dynamique et réflexive du bénévolat, et les recherches reliant le bénévolat au concept d’identité ou d’identité de rôle ont permis d’approfondir encore cette connaissance. Cependant, la manière dont chaque bénévole vit et associe le bénévolat à son identité personnelle n’a été que peu étudiée. Les valeurs peuvent constituer une ouverture empirique sur le cœur de l’identité personnelle. Cette étude utilise une approche associant identité, valeurs et bénévolat, et introduit les points de vue théoriques d’identité narrative et d’identité liée aux valeurs. L’analyse de 24 entretiens de parcours de vie a démontré que les travaux sur l’identité peuvent utiliser le bénévolat pour exprimer les valeurs fondamentales des individus. Les résultats illustrent aussi la variété et l’étendue des valeurs qui peuvent être associées au bénévolat.

Zusammenfassung

Die Motivation zu ehrenamtlicher Arbeit wurde in den letzten Jahrzehnten von vielen Perspektiven aus untersucht. Diese Untersuchungen haben unser Verständnis von der individuellen, dynamischen und reflexiven Eigenschaft ehrenamtlicher Arbeit erhöht. Zudem haben Studien, die die ehrenamtliche Tätigkeit mit dem Konzept der Identität bzw. Rollenidentität verbinden, das Verständnis weiter vertieft. Dennoch ist bislang kaum untersucht worden, wie freiwillig Tätige die ehrenamtliche Arbeit mit ihrer persönlichen Identität erfahren und verbinden. Werte können ein empirisches Fenster zum Inneren der persönlichen Identität bereitstellen. Der vorliegende Studienansatz, der die theoretischen Sichtweisen der narrativen Identität und Wertidentität vorstellt, verbindet Identität, Werte und ehrenamtliche Arbeit miteinander. Die Analysen von 24 Lebensverlaufsbefragungen legen dar, dass die ehrenamtliche Tätigkeit Teil der Identitätsarbeit sein kann, um die wesentlichen Werte einer Person auszudrücken. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zudem die unterschiedlichen Werte, die mit ehrenamtlicher Arbeit in Verbindung gebracht werden können.

Resumen

La motivación de los voluntarios se ha estudiado desde muchas perspectivas en los últimos decenios. Estos estudios han ampliado nuestro conocimiento sobre la naturaleza individual, dinámica y reflexiva del voluntariado. Asimismo, los estudios que combinan el voluntariado con el concepto de identidad o de identidad de roles han profundizado nuestros conocimientos. No obstante, se ha estudiado muy poco la forma en la que los voluntarios experimentan y asocian el voluntariado con sus identidades personales. Los valores pueden proporcionar una ventana empírica a la esencia de la identidad personal. La identidad, los valores y el voluntariado se combinan en el enfoque utilizado en este estudio, que presenta los puntos de vista teóricos de la identidad narrativa y la identidad del valor. El análisis de 24 entrevistas sobre toda una vida demuestran que el voluntariado puede utilizarse en el trabajo identificativo para expresar los valores esenciales de las personas. Los resultados también indican la variedad y los diversos valores que pueden asociarse con el voluntariado.

摘要

最近几十年来,已经对志愿服务的动机从多个视角进行了研究。这些研究提高了我们对志愿服务在其个别性、动态以及反身性等性质方面的理解。此外,那些将志愿服务与认同或是角色认同概念相结合的研究深化了这种理解。尽管如此,对于个别志愿工作者对志愿服务的体验以及与其个人认同进行联想的方式方法上却很少有研究。价值可以就个人认同的核心提供一个经验主义的窗口。在这一研究使用的方法中,将认同、价值和志愿服务结合在一起,介绍了敘事認同与价值认同的理论观点。对 24 个生命历程进行的访谈表明了志愿服务可以用于表达个人核心价值的认同工作中。这些结果还指出了可以与志愿服务结合在一起的价值种类及范围。

ملخص:

تم دراسة دافع العمل التطوعي من وجهات نظر عديدة خلال العقود القليلة الماضية. قد زادت هذه الدراسات فهمنا للفردية ، الديناميكية والإنعكاسيه لطبيعة العمل التطوعي. علاوة على ذلك، البحث الذي يجمع بين العمل التطوعي و مفهوم الهوية أو هوية الدورقد عمق هذا الفهم. مع ذلك، تمت دراسات قليلة للأساليب التي يمر بها الأفراد المتطوعين وربط العمل التطوعي بهوياتهم الشخصية. القيم ممكن أن تقدم إطار تجريبي في صلب الهوية الشخصية. الهوية، القيم، و العمل التطوعي تم جمعهم في النهج المستخدم في هذه الدراسة، التي تقدم وجهات النظر النظرية للهوية السردية وقيمة الهوية. أظهرت تحليلات 24 مقابلة في مراحل تسلسلية في دورة الحياة أن العمل التطوعي يمكن إستخدامه في عمل متجانس للتعبيرعن القيم الأساسية للأفراد. كما تبين النتائج تنوع و نطاق القيم، التي يمكن أن ترتبط بالعمل التطوعي.

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Notes

  1. The interviewees were recruited through a telephone survey research conducted in 2004 (n = 1000). The respondents of the telephone survey were chosen randomly and formed a representative sample of both sexes, those age groups within the age category (20–39), and respondents from all three cities (Helsinki, Espoo, and Vantaa) which form the metropolitan area of Finland. Respondents were questioned about volunteering (among themes such as beliefs and religious views and importance of different activities and themes in their lives), and 37% of them reported volunteering in one ore more volunteering activities.

  2. In all codes of interviews, F stands for female and M for male. The number in the code is the number of the interview in the order the interviews were made.

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Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Anne Birgitta Pessi for her insightful comments on different versions of this article. I would also like to thank Rene Bekkers for discussions and comments on my study, and the anonymous reviewers for their very helpful remarks.

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Correspondence to Henrietta Grönlund.

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Grönlund, H. Identity and Volunteering Intertwined: Reflections on the Values of Young Adults. Voluntas 22, 852–874 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-011-9184-6

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