Abstract
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is divided into subgroups I (sub-I) and II (sub-II). Isolate CMV-PF, which had been isolated from tomato by single lesion isolation (SLI), was classified in sub-II by serology, but it had the pathogenicity of sub-I CMVs. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses showed that CMV-PF was actually a reassortant CMV isolate containing RNAs 1 and 2 from sub-I and RNA 3 from sub-II (I, I, and II). A subgroup-specific reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (SS-RT–PCR) was devised to detect reassortants between sub-I and sub-II. Six primer sets specific to genomic RNAs were designed for each subgroup, and those primer sets successfully amplified their target RT–PCR products. Of 38 natural CMV isolates, two isolates (nos. 9-7 and 27-3) contained mixed RNAs of both subgroups. SLI-progenies of 9-7 were subsequently isolated by SLI using Vigna unguiculata and analyzed by SS-RT–PCR; they were found to be a reassortant containing RNAs 1 and 2 from sub-I and RNA 3 from sub-II (I, I, and II). Although natural reassortants between CMV subgroups were thought to be infrequent based on previous observations, we readily found two isolates of a reassortant (I, I, and II) in different tomato fields, implying that tomato may act as a reservoir of mixed infection in the generation of a CMV reassortant perhaps by aphids.
References
K. Yoshida, T. Goto, N. Iizuka, Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Jpn. 51, 238 (1985)
K. Yoshida, T. Goto, N. Iizuka, Res. Bull. Hokkaido Nat. Agr. Exp. Stat. Jpn. 148, 57 (1987). (in Japanese with English summary)
K. Yoshida, Syokubutsu boeki (Plant Protection) 40, 510 (1986). (in Japanese)
T. Maoka, Y. Hayano, K. Kawabe, F. Fukumoto, S. Kashiwazaki, M. Iwasaki, Bull. Natl. Agric. Res. Cent. for Hokkaido Reg. 188, 29 (2008). (in Japanese with English summary)
T. Maoka, T. Hataya, Phytopathology 95, 128 (2005)
Y. Chen, J. Chen, H. Zhang, X. Tang, Z. Du, Virus Genes 35, 405 (2007)
B.-J. Shi, P. Palukaitis, R.H. Symons, Mol. Plant–Microbe Interact. 15, 947 (2002)
T. Kuroda, T. Natsuaki, S. Okuda, J. Gen. Plant. Pathol. 71, 221 (2005)
J. Bonnet, A. Fraile, S. Sacristán, J.M. Malpica, F. García-Arenal, Virology 332, 359 (2005)
A. Fraile, J.L. Alonso-Prados, M.A. Aranda, J.J. Bernal, J.M. Malpica, F. García-Arenal, J. Virol. 71, 934 (1997)
Acknowledgments
We thank K. Okuguchi, C. Mikami for their technical support and K. Konishi, N. Matsumoto for their helpful suggestions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Maoka, T., Hayano, Y.S., Iwasaki, M. et al. Mixed infection in tomato to ensure frequent generation of a natural reassortant between two subgroups of Cucumber mosaic virus . Virus Genes 40, 148–150 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-009-0414-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-009-0414-6