Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Assessment of feeding varying levels of Metabolizable energy and protein on performance of transition Murrah buffaloes

  • Regular Articles
  • Published:
Tropical Animal Health and Production Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Fifteen close up pregnant Murrah buffaloes of mean body weight (668.3 ± 24.03) kg, lactation number (2.8 ± 0.17) and expected producing ability (EPA) (2125.7 ± 46.34) were randomly distributed into three groups each of five animals to investigate the performance at different levels of metabolizable energy and protein. Control group was fed as per ICAR Nutrient requirements of animals (2013) recommendation whereas treatment group (1) high metabolizable energy and high metabolizable protein (HMEMP) and group (2) low metabolizable energy and low metabolizable protein (LMEMP) were offered with ration containing 15% more and 15% less ME and MP, respectively. The feeding trial was carried out for the period of 40 days before parturition and continued for 120 days after parturition. Intake of dry matter (DM) (%BW) was similar among experimental groups. Metabolizable energy (ME) (MJ/100 kg BW) and metabolizable protein (MP) (g/100 kg BW) intake was highest in HMEMP followed by control and LMEMP group, respectively. Digestibility trial of 7 days was conducted at 60 days post-partum and it was observed that apparent digestibility coefficients (%) of DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extracts (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were similar among the experimental groups. Milk yield (kg/kg DMI) was similar among treatment groups whereas 6% fat corrected milk (FCM) was lower in LMEMP group as compared to HMEMP and control. No significant effect of dietary MP and ME levels on milk composition was observed among experimental groups. There were no significant difference in non esterified fatty acid (NEFA), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), growth hormone (GH) and insulin like growth factor-1(IGF-1) concentration among different experimental groups whereas concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) (μg/ml) was found to be lower in LMEMP. The study results indicate that nutrient digestibility and lactation performance was not affected with 15% variation in intakes of ME and MP in lactating Murrah buffaloes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aghaziarati, N., Amanlou, H., Zahmatkesh, D., Mahjoubi, E., and Yazdi, M.H., 2011. Enriched dietary energy and protein with more frequent milking offers early lactation cows a greater productive potential, Livestock Science, 136 (2), 108–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous, 2012. Livestock Census-All India Report, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, India

    Google Scholar 

  • AOAC, 2005. Official Methods of Analysis, 18th edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Arlington, Verginia

    Google Scholar 

  • Bargo, F., Muller, L.D., Delahoy, J.E. and Cassidy, T.W., 2002. Milk response to concentrate supplementation of high producing dairy cows grazing at two pasture allowances, Journal of Dairy Science, 85, 1777–1792

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baruah, K.K., Ranjhan, S.K. and Pathak, N.N., 1988. Feed intake, nutrients utilization and growth in male buffalo calves fed different levels of protein and energy, Buffalo Journal, 22, 131–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Broderick, G.A., 2003. Effects of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows, Journal of Dairy Science, 86, 1370–1381

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, W.R., 2003. Energy balance relationship with follicular development, Ovulation and fertility in postpartum dairy cows, Livestock Production Science, 83, 211–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, K.D., Cecava, M.J., Johnson, T.R. and Ludden P.A., 1996. Influence of source and amount of dietary protein on milk yield by cows in early lactation, Journal of Dairy Science, 79, 620–630

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson S., Hopkins B.A., Diaz D.E., Bolt S.M., Brownie C., Fellner V. and Whitlow L.W., 2003. Effects of amounts and degradability of dietary protein on lactation, nitrogen utilization, and excretion in early lactation Holstein cows, Journal of Dairy Science, 86, 1681–1689.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Vries, M.J. and Veerkamp, R.F., 2000. Energy balance of dairy cattle in relation to milk production variables and fertility, Journal of Dairy Science, 83, 62–69

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drackley, J.K., 1999. Biology of dairy cows during the transition period: the final frontier, Journal of Dairy Science, 82, 2259–2273

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • El-Ashry, M.A., Khattab, H.M., Etman K.E.I. and Sayed, S.K., 2003. Effect of two different energy and protein levels on productive and reproductive performances of lactating buffaloes, Egypt. Journal of Nutrition and Feed, 6, 491–503

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO, 2013. FAO STAT Online Statistical Service, Food and Agricultural Organization, United Nations, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, J.D., 1996. Diet, production and reproduction in dairycows, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 59, 173–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gandra, J.R., Freitas, J.E., Barletta, R.V., Maturano, F.M., Gimenes, L.U., Vilela, F.G., Baruselli, P.S. and Rennó, F.P., 2011. Productive performance, nutrient digestion and metabolism of Holstein (Bos taurus) and Nellore (Bos taurus indicus) cattle and Mediterranean Buffaloes (Bubalis bubalis) fed with corn-silage based diets, Livestock Science, 140, 283–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giallongo, F., Hristov, A.N., Oh, J., Frederick, T., Weeks, H., Werner, J., Lapierre, H., Patton, R.A., Gehman, A. and Parysll, C., 2015. Effects of slow-release urea and rumen protectedmethionine and histidine on performance of dairy cows, Journal of Dairy Science,98, 3292–3308

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Groff, E.B. and Wu, Z., 2005. Milk production and nitrogen excretion of dairy cows fed different amounts of protein and varying proportions of alfalfa and corn silage, Journal of Dairy Science, 88, 3619–3632

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ICAR, 2013. Nutrient requirements of cattle and buffalo, Nutrient requirements of animals, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Imaizumi, H., Santos, F.A.P., Bittar, C.M.M., Correia, P.S. and Martinez, J.C., 2010. Diet crude protein content and sources for lactating dairy cows, Scientia Agricola, 67 (1) 16–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jabbar, M.A., Fiaz, M.T. Iqbal, Abdullah, M. and Marghazani, I.B., 2013, Effect of different dietary energy levels on milk production in lactating nili-ravi buffaloes, The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 23 (1) 13–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamoragiri, M.V.S., Casper, D.P. and Erdman, R.A., 1998. Factors affecting tissue mobilization in early lactation dairy cows 2. Effect of dietary fat on mobilization of body fat and protein, Journal of Dairy Science, 81, 169–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leonardi, C., Stevenson, M. and Armentano, L.E., 2003. Effect of two levels of crude protein and methionine supplementation on performance of dairy cows, Journal of Dairy Science, 86 (12) 4033–4042

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Licitra G., Hernandez, T.M. and Van Soest, P.J., 1996. Standardizations of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 57, 347–358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahmoudzadeh, H., Fazaeli, H., Kordnejad, I. and Mirzaei, H.R., 2007. Response of male buffalo calves to different levels of energy and protein in finishing diets, Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 10, 1398–1405

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McNamara, S., O’Mara, F.P., Rath, M., Murphy, J.J., 2003.Effects of different transition diets on dry matter intake, milkproduction, and milk composition in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 86, 2397–2408

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nair, P.V., Verma, A.K., Dass, R.S. and Mehra, U.R., 2004. Growth and nutrients utilization in buffalo calves fed ammoniated wheat straw supplemented with sodium sulphate. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 17, 325–329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • NRC, 1989. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 6th Revised Edition, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • NRC, 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th Revised Edition, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oldham, J.D., 1984. Protein-Energy interrelationships in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 67, 1090–1114.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olmos Colmenero, J.J., and Broderick, G.A., 2006. Effect of dietary crude protein concentration on milk production and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows, Journal of Dairy Science, 89, 1704–1712

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paengkoum, P., Tatsapong, P., Pimpa, O., Traiyakun, S. and Hare, M.D., 2013. Nitrogen requirements for maintenance of growing Thai native buffalo fed with rice straw as roughage, Buffalo Bulletin, 32 (1), 35–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul, S.S. and Lal, D., 2010. Nutrient requirements of buffaloes, Satish Serial Publishing House, New Delhi, 137

    Google Scholar 

  • Preston, R.L., 1966. Protein requirement of growing-finishing cattle and lambs, Journal of Nutrition, 90, 157–160

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Puri, J.P., Grewal, S.S., Sindhu, S. and Rose, M.K., 2004. Effect of feeding protected protein supplemented with urea treated straw on performance of buffalo calves, Indian Journal of Animal Science, 74, 319–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Raggio, G., Pacheco, D., Berthiaume, R., Lobley, G.E. and Pellerin, D., 2004. Effect of level of metabolisable protein on splanchnic flux of amino acids in lactating dairy cows, Journal of Dairy Science 87 (10), 3461–3472

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rhoads, R.P., Kim, J.W., Leury, B.J., Baumgard, L.H., Segoale, N., Frank, S.J., Bauman, D.E. and Boisclair, Y.B., 2004. Insulin increases the abundance of the growth hormone receptor in liver and adipose tissue of perparturient dairy cows, Journal of Nutrition, 134, 1020–1027

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rice, V.A., Andrews F.N., Warnwick and Legates J.E., 1970. Breeding and improvement of Farm Animal, 6th Edition, Tata Mc Grah Hill publishing Company Ltd., Mumbai, India

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, C.J., Reid, I.M., Rowlands, G.J. and Patterson, A., 1981. A fat mobilization syndrome in dairy cows in early lactation, Veterinary Records, 108: 7–9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sannes, R.A., Messman, M.A. and Vagnoni, D.B., 2002. Form of rumen- degradable carbohydrate and nitrogen on microbial protein synthesis and protein efficiency of dairy cows, Journal of Dairy Science, 85, 900–908

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sarwar, M., Shahzad, M.A., Nisa, M., Bhati, S.A. and Tauqir, N.A., 2012. Enhancing buffalo productivity through usage of low quality feed stuffs, Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2, 128–132

    Google Scholar 

  • SAS, 1996. SAS/STAT Software: Changes and Enhancements through Release 6.11. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC

    Google Scholar 

  • Snedecor, G.W., and Cockran, W.G. 1994. Statistical Methods. 8th ed. East West Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

  • Van den Top, A.M., Geelen, M.J.H., Wensing, T., Wentink, G.H., van’t Klooster, A.T. and Beynen, A.C., 1996. Higher postpartum hepatic triacylglycerol concentrations in dairy cows with free rather than restricted access to feed during the dry period are associated with lower activities of hepatic glycerol phosphate acyltransferase, Journal of Nutrition, 126, 76–85

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B.A., 1991. Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition Symposium, carbohydrate methodology, metabolism and nutritional implications in dairy cattle, Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583–3597

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vazquez-Anon, M., Bertics, S.J. and Grummer, R.R., 1997. The effect of dietary energy source on during mid to late lactation on liver triglyceride and lactation performance of dairy cows, Journal of Dairy Science, 80, 2504–2512

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Voltolini, T.V., Santos, F.A.P., Martinez, J.C., Imaizumi, H., Pires, A.V. and Penati, M.A., 2008. Metabolizable protein supply according to the NRC (2001) for dairy cows grazing Elephant grass, Scientia Agricola, 65 (2), 130–138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waghorn, G.C., Flux, D.S. and Ulyatt, M.J., 1987. Effects of dietary protein and energy intakes on growth hormone, insulin, glucose tolerance and fatty acid synthesis in young wether sheep, Animal Science, 44(1), 143–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, C., Liu, J.X., Yuan, Z.P., Wu, Y.M., Zhai, S.W. and Ye, H.W., 2007. Effect of level of metabolizable protein on milk production and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows, Journal of Dairy Science, 90 (6), 2960–2965

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y.M., Wang, J.H., Wang, C., Wang, J. K., Chen, B., Liu, J. X., Cao, H. and Guo, F.C., 2010. Effect of dietary antioxidant and energy density on performance and anti-oxidative status of transition cows, Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science 23 (10), 1299–1307

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, W.P. and Wyatt, D.J., 2006. Effect of corn silage hybrid and metabolizable protein supply on nitrogen metabolism of lactating dairy cows, Journal of Dairy Science, 89, 1644–1653

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute for the grants conceded to the research

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, Haryana, -132001, India

    Abdelfatah Abdelsalam Mustafa, Nitin Tyagi, Mayank Gautam, Alkesh Chaudhari & Jawid Sediqi

Authors
  1. Abdelfatah Abdelsalam Mustafa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nitin Tyagi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mayank Gautam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Alkesh Chaudhari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jawid Sediqi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nitin Tyagi.

Ethics declarations

Statement of animal rights

The experimental protocols that were developed in this study fully complied with the ethical principles of animal experimentation prepared by Institutional animal ethic committee (IAEC)-NDRI

Conflict of interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mustafa, A.A., Tyagi, N., Gautam, M. et al. Assessment of feeding varying levels of Metabolizable energy and protein on performance of transition Murrah buffaloes. Trop Anim Health Prod 49, 1637–1644 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-017-1371-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-017-1371-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation