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Direct and interactive influence of explanatory variables on properties of a calcium phosphate cement for vertebral body augmentation

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Abstract

We used the response surface methodology to investigate the direct and interactive effects of three explanatory variables on three properties of a calcium phosphate cement (CPC) for use in vertebroplasty (VP) and balloon kyphoplasty (BKP). The variables were poly(ethylene glycol) content of the cement liquid (PEG), powder-to-liquid ratio (PLR), and the amount of Na2HPO4 added to an aqueous solution of 4 wt/wt% poly(acrylic acid) (as the cement liquid) (SPC). The properties were injectability (I), final setting time (F), and 5-day compressive strength (UCS). We found that (1) there was an interactive effect between the variables on I and F but not on UCS; (2) the maximum I (98 %) was obtained with PEG = 20 wt/wt% and PLR = 2 g mL−1; (3) F = 15 min (the proposed optimum value for a CPC for use in VP and BKP) was obtained with PEG = 4 wt/wt% and PLR = 2.9 g mL−1; and (4) the maximum UCS (39 MPa) was obtained with SPC = 0 and PLR = 3.5 g mL−1.

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA

    Daniel M. Werdofa & Gladius Lewis

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Correspondence to Gladius Lewis.

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Werdofa, D.M., Lewis, G. Direct and interactive influence of explanatory variables on properties of a calcium phosphate cement for vertebral body augmentation. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 25, 55–66 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-013-5051-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-013-5051-x

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