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Unidimensionality and Measurement Invariance of the 11-Item Korean CES-D Scale among Examining Parents of Individuals with Cerebral Palsy

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Abstract

Objectives

Parents of children with disabilities are more likely to experience depressive symptoms and other issues associated with poor mental health than parents of children without disabilities. A lack of measurement invariance in a depression scale could produce inconsistencies in study results and limit the generalizability of findings. The present study aimed to investigate the unidimensionality of the 11-item Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D-11) and confirm its measurement invariance among parents of individuals with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods

Data were collected from the 2012 Korea Welfare Panel Study and from research examining support services and policies for people with brain lesions. Comparative fit index values were compared to verify the fit of the measurement invariance models.

Results

The unidimensionality of the CES-D-11 was supported based on principal component analysis, the factor loadings of each item, and fit index (NFI = 0.932, TLI = 0.967; CFI = 0.981, RMSEA = 0.048). The invariance analysis confirmed configural invariance, metric invariance, scalar invariance, and uniqueness invariance. Internal consistency reliabilities were acceptable.

Conclusion

Our findings indicated that the CES-D-11 is unidimensional, and that comparisons can be made between the general population and parents of individuals with CP. Additionally, this study supplements prior literature on invariance and strengthens the validity of the CES-D-11 as a useful screening tool, particularly for comparing measurements across groups to establish measurement invariance for outcome measures.

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Author contributions

J.K. contributed to conception and design of the study, data collection, conducted the statistical analysis, and interpretation of the data and drafted the manuscript. E.P. contributed to conduct the statistical analysis, interpretation of the data and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Secondary Special Education, College of Education, Jeonju University, PO Box 560-759, 45 Baengma-gil, Wansan-gu, Jeonju, Korea

    Eun-Young Park

  2. Department of Clinical Nursing, College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Korea

    Jung-Hee Kim

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  1. Eun-Young Park
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Park, EY., Kim, JH. Unidimensionality and Measurement Invariance of the 11-Item Korean CES-D Scale among Examining Parents of Individuals with Cerebral Palsy. J Child Fam Stud 29, 895–903 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01630-2

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