Skip to main content
Log in

Stabilization of Expansive Sub-grade Soil Using Hydrated Lime and Dolomitic-Limestone By-Product (DLP)

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The existence of expansive subgrades is a challenge especially during pavement construction due to its drastic volume changes. In this case, the common practice is to remove the natural expansive soil and replace it with non-expansive soil. However, this solution becomes unviable for deep long extending formations of natural expansive soils. Therefore, efforts have been done in order to improve the properties of expansive soil using different types of stabilizers. In this paper, two types of stabilizing agents are investigated: hydrated lime and dolomitic limestone by-product. A testing program is selected to evaluate the swell-strength behaviour of artificially prepared sand-expansive clay mixtures. The testing program includes Atterberg limits, modified Proctor, free swell, CBR, pH and chemical analysis tests. Moreover, the soil expansivity and strength after treatment are evaluated based on relationships proposed by literature and the Egyptian Code.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • AASHTO Standards (1987) American Association of State High way and Transportation Official. M145–82

  • Ahmed AH (2018) Stabilization of expansive sub-grade soil by hydrated lime and dolomitic-limestone by-product (DLP). Cairo University, Giza

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed HA, Hassan AM, Albarqawy MA, Lotfi HA (2019) Control of volume changes in expansive sub-grade soil using lime and dolomitic-limestone by-product. International conference on advances in structural and geotechnical engineering, ICASGE’19, Hurghada, Egypt

  • ASTM Standard C114 (2015) Standard test methods for chemical analysis of hydraulic cement. ASTM International, West Conshohocken. https://doi.org/10.1520/C0114-15

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • ASTM Standard D1883 (2016) Standard test method for california bearing ratio (CBR) of laboratory-compacted soils. ASTM International, West Conshohocken. https://doi.org/10.1520/D1883-16

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • ASTM Standard D422 (2007) Standard test method for particle-size analysis of soils. ASTM International, West Conshohocken. https://doi.org/10.1520/D0422-63R07E02

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • ASTM Standard D4318 (2017) Standard test methods for liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index of soils. ASTM International, West Conshohocken. https://doi.org/10.1520/D4318-17

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • ASTM Standard D6276 (2006) Standard test method for using pH to estimate the soil-lime proportion requirement for soil stabilization. ASTM International, West Conshohocken. https://doi.org/10.1520/D6276-99AR06E01

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • ASTM Standard D698 (2012) Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort (12400 ft-lbf/ft3(600 kN-m/m3)). ASTM International, West Conshohocken. https://doi.org/10.1520/D0698-12E02

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Baser O (2009) Stabilization of expansive soils using waste marble dust. School of Natural and Applied Science of Middel East Technical University

  • Chen FH (1988) Foundations on expansive soils. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson DT, Handy RL (1960) Lime and lime-pozzolan stabilization. Highway engineering handbook. The McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, pp 21–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Egyptian Code for Roads and Highways (1998)

  • Farid AT, Amin HK (2012) Evaluation of treatment methods used for construction on expansive soils in Egypt. In: The 5th Jordanian international civil engineering conference, Amman

  • Hamza M (2017) The troublemaking soils of Egypt. Underground Infrastructure and Deep Foundations. Cairo, Egypt

  • Harris JP, Sebesta S, Scullion T (2004) Hydrated lime stabilization of sulfate-bearing vertisols in Texas. Transportation Research Record, Washington

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hausmann MR (1990) Engineering principles of ground modification. McGraw- Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Indian Standard IS:2720 (XL) (2002) Determination of free swell index of soils. BIS, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Ismaiel HAH, Badry MM (2013) Lime chemical stabilization of expansive deposits exposed at El-Kawther quarter, Sohag Region, Egypt. Geosciences 3(3):89–98. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.geo.20130303.02

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kota PBVS, Hazlett D, Perrin L (1996) Sulfate-bearing soils: problems with calcium-based stabilizers. Transp Res Rec 1546:62–69. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154600107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Misra AGR (2009) Environmental problems due marble powder waste and its utilization in road construction. In: Symposium of evaluation of marble wastes and decreasing environmental effects. Diyarbakır, Turkey

  • Mitchell JK, Raad L (1973) Control of volume changes in expansive earth materials. Proc workshop Expans Clays Shales Highw Des Constr 2:200–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Negi AS, Faizan M, Siddharth PD, Singh R (2013) Soil stabilization using lime. Int J Innov Res Sci Eng Technol 2(2):448–453

    Google Scholar 

  • Puppala AJ, Wattanasantichatoen E, Intharasombat L, Hoyos LR (2003) Studies to understand soil compositional and environmental variables effects on sulfate heave problems. In: 12th Panamerican conference on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering, Cambridge

  • Rajasekaran G (2004) Sulphate attack and ettringite formation in the lime and cement stabilized marine clays. Ocean Eng 32:1133–1159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2004.08.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherwood PT (1962) Effect of sulfates on cement and lime treated soils. Highw Res Board Bull 353:98–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Sivrikaya O, Kıyıldı RK, Karaca Z (2014) Recycling waste from natural stone processing plants to stabilize clayey soil. Environ Earth Sci 71(10):4397–4407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solanki P, Khoury NN, Zaman MM (2009) Engineering properties of stabilized subgrade soils for implementation of the AASHTO 2002 pavement design guide. Report No.: FHWA/OK 08(10), University of Oklahoma

  • Sridharan A, Prakash K (2000) Classification procedures for expansive soils. Proc Inst Civ Eng Geotech Eng 143:235–240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson MR (2007) Factors influencing the plasticity and strength of lime-soil mixture. Engineering Experiments Station Bullet in 492, University of Illinois

  • Utami SG (2014) Clay soil stabilization with lime effect the value cbr and swelling. ARPN J Eng Appl Sci 9(10):1744–1748

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson JD, Miller DJ (1992) Expansive Soils, problems and practice in foundation and pavement engineering. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Yassien MA, Mohamed MA, Abdo H (2015) Geotechnical and mineralogical studies on the expansive soil at Qena region, Egypt. Int J Sci Eng Res 6(7):870–880

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that the research did not receive any funds from any organization.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Asmaa M. Hassan.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ahmed, A.H., Hassan, A.M. & Lotfi, H.A. Stabilization of Expansive Sub-grade Soil Using Hydrated Lime and Dolomitic-Limestone By-Product (DLP). Geotech Geol Eng 38, 1605–1617 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-019-01115-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-019-01115-5

Keywords

Navigation