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An integrative approach to the study of Xiphinema brevicolle Lordello and Da Costa 1961, supports its limited distribution worldwide (Nematoda: Longidoridae)

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Abstract

Xiphinema americanum group has a cosmopolitan distribution, with several species having particular importance as virus-vectors of four economically important nepoviruses naturally occurring in the USA with IAI quarantine status for Europe. The morphological diagnosis of the species is problematic due to the limited diagnostic characters, overlapping morphometrics and incomplete taxonomic descriptions. An ongoing issue within the X. americanum group is the determination of species belonging to the X. brevicolle subgroup. By using a phylogenetic framework, molecular and morphometric data of the topotype population we demonstrate that certain of the published DNA sequences have been misidentified and belong to closely related species such as X. taylori, X. diffusum or unknown/unidentified species. Studying again the morphology and morphometrics of populations identified as X. brevicolle from the Czech Republic the identity, phylogenetic position and genetic variability of these populations have been clarified. These belong to a different species that is described herein as X. parataylori n. sp. Multi-gene phylogenies were reconstructed using nuclear ribosomal (18S rRNA gene, ITS1 and ITS2 regions, D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA gene) and mitochondrial DNA (partial cox1 and nad4) and the position of X. brevicolle (topotype population) to the most closely related species is shown. Morphology and species specific sequences were linked and the worldwide distribution discussed. The validity of X. brevicolle and the long-standing controversies about the taxonomic status of X. diffusum and X. taylori have been clarified. Xiphinema taylori and X. diffusum may represent complexes of cryptic species, however more comprehensive studies involving additional populations and materials from the type localities are needed to support this hypothesis.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Dr. Marta Lišková (Slovak Academy of Sciences) for providing nematodes and Markéta Vítámvásová, Dr. Milka Elshishka and Ms. Lyudmila Lozanova (IBER-BAS) for their technical help. The work was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic, Project number RO0418 and ANIDIV-3 project supported by the BAS.

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  1. Department of Animal Biodiversity, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2, Gagarin Street, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Stela Lazarova & Vlada Peneva

  2. Instituto Biológico, Caixa Postal 70, Campinas, SP, CEP 13001-970, Brazil

    Claudio Marcelo G. Oliveira

  3. Plant Pest & Disease Programme, 02FA05, Fera, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK

    Thomas Prior

  4. Division of Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, Ruzyně, 16106, Prague 6, Czech Republic

    Shesh Kumari

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  1. Stela Lazarova
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  4. Vlada Peneva
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Correspondence to Vlada Peneva.

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All the molecular experiments were carried out at Crop Research Institute, Czech Republic and supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic, Project number RO0418. Taxonomic studies, phylogenetic analyses, as well as the preparation of the first draft of the manuscript were carried out at the Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgaria and supported by the project ANIDIV-3 project, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Soil sampling in Brazil was carried out by Oliveira C. M. G. D. All authors were invoved in text reviewing. Type material and voucher specimens studied were formally loaned from international collections, and the holotype specimen and paratype series deposited with accession numbers in curated nematode collections.

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Lazarova, S., Oliveira, C.M.G., Prior, T. et al. An integrative approach to the study of Xiphinema brevicolle Lordello and Da Costa 1961, supports its limited distribution worldwide (Nematoda: Longidoridae). Eur J Plant Pathol 153, 441–464 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-018-1571-z

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