Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Modernism, Postmodernism and (Evidence-Based) Practice

  • Original paper
  • Published:
Contemporary Family Therapy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

One dominant discourse in the mental health arena revolves around evidence-based practice (EBP). Although there is ongoing debate about the implementation of EBP in the mental health field, most of these discussions have been limited to modernist ideas. While discussions about EBP have occurred from alternate perspectives, particularly postmodernism, a lack of open dialogue has resulted in these two groups “talking past each other” (Levy in Family Process 45:55–73, 2006). In this article we discuss the positions of both modernism and postmodernism with consideration of their respective epistemologies and attitudes toward research and EBP. We argue that critical thinking about EBP needs to include mutual debate from both modern and postmodern perspectives.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Addis, M. E., Cardemil, E. V., Duncan, B. L., & Miller, S. D. (2006). Does manualization improve therapy outcomes? In J. C. Norcross, L. E. Beutler, & R. F. Levant (Eds.), Evidence-based practices in mental health: Debate and dialogue on the fundamental questions (pp. 131–159). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Albee, G. W. (2000). The Boulder model’s fatal flaw. American Psychologist, 55, 247–248.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychological Association. (2005). Policy statement on evidence-based practice in psychology. Retrieved July 25, 2008, from www2.apa.org/practice/ebpstatement.pdf.

  • APA Presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice. (2006). Evidence-based practice in psychology. American Psychologist, 61, 271–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R. T., Freeman, W. S., Brown, R. A., Belar, C., Hersch, L., Hornyak, L. M., et al. (2002). The role of psychology in health care delivery. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 33, 536–545.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruner, J. (2004). The narrative creation of self. In L. Angus & J. McLeod (Eds.), The handbook of narrative and psychotherapy: Practice, theory, and research (pp. 3–14). London: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr, A. (2006). Thematic review of family therapy journals in 2005. Journal of Family Therapy, 28, 420–439.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chambless, D. L., Crits-Cristoph, P., Wampold, B. E., Norcross, J. C., Lambert, M. J., Bohard, A. C., et al. (2006). What should be validated? In J. C. Norcross, L. E. Beutler, & R. F. Levant (Eds.), Evidence-based practices in mental health: Debate and dialogue on the fundamental questions (pp. 191–255). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Chwalisz, K. (2003). Evidence-based practice: A framework for twenty-first-century scientist-practitioner training. The Counseling Psychologist, 31, 497–528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, J. (1994). The earth is round (p < .05). American Psychologist, 49, 997–1003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, F. L., Leffingwell, T. R., & Belar, C. D. (2007). Teaching evidence-based practice: Implications for psychology. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 657–670.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Craig, J. V., & Smyth, R. L. (2007). The evidenced-based practice manual for nurses (2nd ed.). Toronto, ON: Elsevier Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). Introduction: The discipline and practice of qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 1–32). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feinauer, L. L., Pistorius, K. D., Erwin, B. R., & Alonzo, A. T. (2006). Twelve-year review of major family therapy journals. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 34, 105–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, M. E., DeRubeis, R. J., & Westen, D. I. (2006). Are efficacious laboratory-validated treatments readily transportable to clinical practice? In J. C. Norcross, L. E. Beutler, & R. F. Levant (Eds.), Evidence-based practices in mental health: Debate and dialogue on the fundamental questions (pp. 375–401). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, H. (2002). Psychological nescience in a postmodern context. American Psychologist, 57, 462–463.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gergen, K. J. (2001). Psychological science in a postmodern context. American Psychologist, 56, 803–813.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gergen, K. J. (2002). Psychological science: To conserve or create? American Psychologist, 57, 463–464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gergen, K. J., Lightfoot, C., & Sydow, L. (2004). Social construction: Vistas in clinical child and adolescent psychology. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33, 389–399.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs, L. (2002). Evidence-based practice for the helping professions. Pacific Grove, CA: Thomson Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodheart, C., & Kazdin, A. (2006). Introduction. In C. Goodheart, A. Kazdin, & R. Sternberg (Eds.), Evidence-based psychotherapy: Where practice and research meet (pp. 3–10). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 191–215). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, D., Murray, S., Perron, A., & Rail, G. (2006). Deconstructing the evidence-based discourse in health sciences: Truth, power and fascism. International Journal of Evidence Based Healthcare, 4, 180–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Institute of Medicine. (2001). Crossing the quality chasm: A new health system for the 21st century. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iversen, R. R., Gergen, K. J., & Fairbanks, R. P., II. (2005). Assessment and social construction: Conflict or co-creation? British Journal of Social Work, 35, 689–708.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Killeen, P. R. (2005). An alternative to null-hypothesis significance tests. Psychological Science, 16, 345–353.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kline, P. (1998). The new psychometrics: Science, psychology, and measurement. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, T. (1970). Postscript—1969. In T. Kuhn (Ed.), The structure of scientific revolutions (2nd ed., pp. 174–210). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy, J. (2006). Using a metaperspective to clarify the structural-narrative debate in family therapy. Family Process, 45, 55–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lincoln, Y. S., & Cannella, G. S. (2004). Dangerous discourses: Methodological conservatism and governmental regimes of truth. Qualitative Inquiry, 10, 5–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lyotard, J. -F. (1984). The postmodern condition: A report on knowledge (G. Bennington & B. Massumi, Trans.). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

  • Madill, A., & Gough, B. (2008). Qualitative research and its place in psychological science. Psychological Methods, 13, 254–271.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mills, S. D., & Sprenkle, D. H. (1995). Family therapy in the postmodern era. Family Relations, 44, 368–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norcross, J., Beutler, L., & Levant, R. (Eds.). (2005). Evidence based practices in mental health: Debate and dialogue on the fundamental questions. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polkinghorne, D. E. (2000). Psychological inquiry and the pragmatic and hermeneutic traditions. Theory & Psychology, 10, 453–479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Polkinghorne, D. E. (2004). Practice and the human sciences: The case for a judgment-based practice of care. New York: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ponterotto, J. G. (2005). Qualitative research in counseling psychology: A primer on research paradigms and philosophy of science. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 126–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reed, G. M., & Eisman, E. J. (2006). Uses and misuses of evidence: Managed care, treatment guidelines, and outcomes measurement in professional practice. In C. Goodheart, A. Kazdin, & R. Sternberg (Eds.), Evidence-based psychotherapy: Where practice and research meet (pp. 13–35). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Reed, G. M., Kihlstrom, J. F., & Messer, S. B. (2006). What qualifies as evidence of effective practice? In J. C. Norcross, L. E. Beutler, & R. F. Levant (Eds.), Evidence-based practices in mental health: Debate and dialogue on the fundamental questions (pp. 13–55). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sackett, D. L., Straus, S. E., Richardson, W. S., Rosenberg, W., & Haynes, R. B. (2000). Evidence based medicine: How to practice and teach EBM (2nd ed.). London: Churchill Livingstone.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spring, B. (2007). Evidence-based practice in clinical psychology: What it is, why it matters; what you need to know. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 611–631.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stiles, W. B., Hurst, R. M., Nelson-Gray, R., Hill, C. E., Greenberg, L. S., & Watson, J. C. (2006). What qualifies as research on which to judge effective practice? In J. C. Norcross, L. E. Beutler, R. F. Levant, et al. (Eds.), Evidence-based practices in mental health: Debate and dialogue on the fundamental questions (pp. 56–130). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sue, S., Zane, N., Levant, R. F., Silverstein, L. B., Brown, L. S., & Olkin, R. (2006). How well do both evidence-based practices and treatment as usual satisfactorily address the various dimensions of diversity? In J. C. Norcross, L. E. Beutler, R. F. Levant, et al. (Eds.), Evidence-based practices in mental health: Debate and dialogue on the fundamental questions (pp. 329–374). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Tanenbaum, S. J. (2005). Evidence-based practice as a mental health policy: Three controversies and a caveat. Health Affairs, 24, 163–173.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, B. B., & London, S. (2007). Novel tools and resources for evidence-based practice in psychology. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 633–642.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wampold, B. E. (2003). Bashing positivism and reversing a medical model under the guise of evidence. The Counseling Psychologist, 31, 539–545.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wampold, B. E., Ollendick, T. H., & King, N. J. (2006). Do therapies designated as empirically supported treatments for specific disorders produce outcomes superior to non-empirically supported treatment therapies? In J. C. Norcross, L. E. Beutler, & R. F. Levant (Eds.), Evidence-based practices in mental health: Debate and dialogue on the fundamental questions (pp. 299–327). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Westen, D. I., Wiltsey Stirman, S., & DeRubeis, R. J. (2006). Are research patients and clinical trials representative of clinical practice? In J. C. Norcross, L. E. Beutler, & R. F. Levant (Eds.), Evidence-based practices in mental health: Debate and dialogue on the fundamental questions (pp. 161–189). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Yanchar, S. C. (2006). On the possibility of contextual–quantitative inquiry. New Ideas in Psychology, 24, 212–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Jane Dywan for her thoughtful comments and suggestions on an earlier draft of this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Heather L. Ramey.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ramey, H.L., Grubb, S. Modernism, Postmodernism and (Evidence-Based) Practice. Contemp Fam Ther 31, 75–86 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-009-9086-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-009-9086-6

Keywords

Navigation