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Cleft lip and palate cause large variations in size and location of the posterior superior alveolar canal

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Abstract

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the posterior superior alveolar canal (PSAC) in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) as compared to patients with no cleft lip and palate (NC) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and methods

This was a retrospective multicenter study based on two steps: (1) evaluating intra- and inter-calibration and (2) detecting the presence or absence of PSAC and its location, diameter, and anastomosis with anterior superior alveolar canal.

Results

A total of 300 patients were selected for the study, out of which 150 were categorized as CLP (75 men, 75 women; mean age: 29.8 years) and 150 were categorized as NC (75 men, 75 women; mean age: 40.3 years). PSAC in patients with CLP and NC was visible in 100% of the cases, in men and women, bilaterally. PSAC location in CLP was middle and upper third of the maxillary sinus as compared to NC (lower third) (chi-squared < 0.001). PSAC mean diameter in CLP was 1.12 mm. It was larger compared to 0.6 mm in NC (t-test < 0.0001).

Conclusion

PSAC location in patients with CLP was predominantly in the middle and upper third of the maxillary sinus, compared with NC. PSAC mean diameter in CLP was 1.12 mm. It was larger compared to that of 0.6 mm in NC.

Clinical relevance

These anatomical variations in CLP are important and should be acknowledged by surgeons for the following reasons: (1) to perform pre-surgical planning, (2) to avoid bleeding, and (3) to avoid neurosensory alterations.

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Funding

“This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75; CEP: 17.012-901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil

    Eymi Valery Cazas Duran de Gittins, Renato Yassutaka Faria Yaedú, Cassia Maria Fischer Rubira & Izabel Regina Fischer Rubira-Bullen

  2. Department of Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil

    José Roberto Pereira Lauris

  3. Area Oral Diagnosis, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies(HRAC), University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil

    Bruna Stuchi Centurion Pagin

Authors
  1. Eymi Valery Cazas Duran de Gittins
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  3. José Roberto Pereira Lauris
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Correspondence to Izabel Regina Fischer Rubira-Bullen.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

Two ethics committees approved this retrospective multicenter study: the Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil (CAAE: 57211816.9.3001.5441), and the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Brazil (CAAE: 57211816.9.0000.5417). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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de Gittins, E.V.C.D., Yaedú, R.Y.F., Lauris, J.R.P. et al. Cleft lip and palate cause large variations in size and location of the posterior superior alveolar canal. Clin Oral Invest 25, 4451–4458 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03757-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03757-9

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