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The emergence of animal models of chronic pain and logistical and methodological issues concerning their use

  • Neurology and Preclinical Neurological Studies - Review Article
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Abstract

This paper examines the development of and some logistical and methodological issues surrounding the use of animal models of chronic pain. The first section addresses the emergent move towards mechanism-based and disease-related animal models of chronic pain that has accelerated since the late 1980s following publication of Bennett and Xie’s (Pain 33:87–107, 1998) paper on chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve and Stein et al.’s (Pharmacol Biochem Behav 31:445–451, 1988) paper on unilateral hind paw inflammation with complete Freund’s adjuvant. The discussion covers vast areas of chronic pain models developed over the past 50 years, starting with the numerous neuropathic, inflammatory and central pain models, as well as the growing number of models developed to study various forms of chronic pain from chronic back pain to visceral pain. It also examines the advantages and disadvantages of tonic pain models, mechanism-based and disease-related models of chronic pain, including issues related to the novel discovery of injury- or disease-related pathophysiological processes, the expansion of testing repertoires, and the successes and failures in the translation of analgesic development from animal preclinical models to human chronic pain conditions. The second section addresses experimental design considerations in the implementation of one of the 3Rs for the use of animal models of chronic pain; that is methods employed to reduce the number of animals used. The discussion covers various issues including the advantages and disadvantages of repeated dose designs and within-group drug testing, including incremental dosing schedules, and crossover designs. It also examines concerns surrounding the stability of symptoms and measures, including varying durations of multiple symptoms and the potential development of nociceptive sensitization, as well as possible use-dependent alterations in drug sensitivity and time-dependent changes in pain processes in specific animal models.

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Acknowledgements

TJC has received grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health, the Quebec Pain Research Network and the Louise and Alan Edwards Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, 1203-3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada

    Terence J. Coderre & André Laferrière

  2. Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, 740 Dr. Penfield Ave, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A4, Canada

    Terence J. Coderre & André Laferrière

  3. Department of Psychology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Ave, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada

    Terence J. Coderre

  4. Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University St, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada

    Terence J. Coderre

  5. McGill University Hospital Centre Research Institute, 2155 Guy St, Montreal, QC, H3H 2R9, Canada

    Terence J. Coderre

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Coderre, T.J., Laferrière, A. The emergence of animal models of chronic pain and logistical and methodological issues concerning their use. J Neural Transm 127, 393–406 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-019-02103-y

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