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Species removal and experimental warming in a subarctic tundra plant community

  • Community ecology - Original Paper
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Abstract

Neighbor interactions are likely to play an important role in subarctic plant communities. We conducted experiments in Interior Alaska in which we crossed species removal with greenhouse warming manipulations. We examined changes in community biomass, and in plant survival and growth of individual species in response to experimental warming and to: (1) removal of whole species versus an equivalent amount of biomass across many species, and (2) removal of subdominant (locally common) versus minor (locally uncommon) plants. Community biomass indicated compensation in growth after removal of minor species and after biomass removal without elimination of entire species, but under-compensation after removal of subdominants. Growth and survival of individual species showed facilitation between some species. Warming increased growth of dominant vascular plants, but at the same time reduced survival, and these impacts were greater for larger, more mesic species than for the smaller species associated with drier habitats. Growth of mosses was reduced by the warming. Removal effects did not differ between warming and ambient conditions. The results indicate that common species are able to reduce resources for others (competitive effect) and increase their growth after neighbor removal, whereas locally uncommon species are not able to respond rapidly to increased resources made available by neighbor removal. Therefore, the impact of the presence of common species on locally uncommon species was facilitative overall, but not vice versa. The balance between disturbances such as changes in temperature and species losses from the community will likely be crucial in determining shifts in subsequent community composition.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Sonja Wipf, Tumi Traustason and Jamie Hollingsworth for help with field work. The study was supported by a post-doctoral fellowship [81ZH-068470] from the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Swiss Academy of Sciences. The experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA

    Christian Rixen & Christa P. H. Mulder

  2. Unit Ecosystem Boundaries, Alpine Ecosystems, WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland

    Christian Rixen

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  1. Christian Rixen
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  2. Christa P. H. Mulder
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Correspondence to Christian Rixen.

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Communicated by Mercedes Bustamante.

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Rixen, C., Mulder, C.P.H. Species removal and experimental warming in a subarctic tundra plant community. Oecologia 161, 173–186 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-009-1369-y

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