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Serpentinization of New Caledonia peridotites: from depth to (sub-)surface

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Abstract

Serpentinization processes occur at geological settings notably during oceanic subduction and obduction, where mantle rocks interact with water. Different types of serpentine minerals form according to temperature and pressure conditions, and potentially chemical exchanges. Therefore, the characterization of serpentine minerals, and the possible occurrence of multiple serpentine generations in mantle rocks provide essential constraints on the conditions of fluid–rock interactions in the mantle. The serpentinite sole of the Peridotite Nappe of New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific) is the result of several superimposed serpentinisation events. The latter were discriminated using mineralogical and geochemical approaches and modeling. Lizardite represents more than 80% of the entire serpentine content of the ophiolite. It is crosscut by several veins of other serpentine species in the serpentinite sole. The relative chronology appears as follows: lizardite 1 → lizardite 2 → antigorite → chrysotile → polygonal serpentine. The transition from primary/magmatic minerals to lizardite 1 is almost isochemical. Then, the development of lizardite 2 yields an enrichment in fluid-mobile elements such as Cs, Rb, Ba, U and light rare-earth elements and an apparent increase of the Fe3+/FeT ratio. The modeling of δ18O values (1.9–13.9‰) and δD values (88–106‰) of all serpentine species through Monte-Carlo simulations show that New Caledonia serpentines were mainly formed in equilibrium with fluids released by the dehydration of altered oceanic crust (AOC) during subduction between 250 and 350 °C. AOC-derived fluids are not the unique source of fluids since a low temperature (100–150 °C) meteoric component is also predicted by the models. Thus, serpentine acts as a tape-recorder of fluid–rock interactions into the mantle from depth to (sub-)surface.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Claire Bassoulet for her help during LA-ICP-MS measurements at Géosciences Ocean laboratory (Brest, France). We also thank Olivier Rouer (SCMEM, Nancy, France) for his help during electron microprobe analyses. Marie-Camille Caumon (Géoressoures, Nancy, France), and Gilles Montagnac (Laboratoire de Géologie, ENS Lyon, France) are thanked for their contributions during Raman spectroscopy analyses. Benita Putlitz and Thorsten Wennemann (ISTE, University of Lausanne, Switzerland) are acknowledged for their help during the measurement of O and H isotopes. Sampling in New Caledonia was partly funded by the National Centre for Technological Research CNRT “Nickel et son environnement” based in Nouméa, New Caledonia (Project grant: 8PS2013-CNRT.CNRS/SCANDIUM) and Labex Ressources21 (supported by the French National Research Agency through the National Program Investissements d'Avenir, reference ANR-10-LABX-21–LABEXRESSOURCES 21). The fieldwork benefited from the help of Koniambo S.A. Juan Carlos de Obeson, an anonymous reviewer and the editor Othmar Müntener are warmly acknowledged for their detailed and constructive suggestions that helped to improve the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPGS, UMR 7516, 67000, Strasbourg, France

    Marc Ulrich

  2. Géosciences Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France

    Manuel Muñoz

  3. Géosciences Rennes-UMR 6118, University Rennes, CNRS, 35000, Rennes, France

    Philippe Boulvais

  4. Georessources CNRS UMR 7566, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France

    Michel Cathelineau

  5. ISEA, Université de La Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, 98851, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia

    Dominique Cluzel

  6. University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre, 38000, Grenoble, France

    Stéphane Guillot

  7. Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement CNRS UMR 6249, Besançon, France

    Christian Picard

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  1. Marc Ulrich
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Ulrich, M., Muñoz, M., Boulvais, P. et al. Serpentinization of New Caledonia peridotites: from depth to (sub-)surface. Contrib Mineral Petrol 175, 91 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-020-01713-0

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