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SST and ice sheet impacts on the MIS–13 climate

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Abstract

As a first qualitative assessment tool, LOVECLIM has been used to investigate the interactions between insolation, ice sheets and the East Asian Monsoon at the Marine Isotopic Stage 13 (MIS–13) in work by Yin et al. (Clim Past 4:79–90, 2008, Clim Past 5:229–243, 2009). The results are in need of validation with a more sophisticated model, which is done in this work with the ARPEGE atmospheric general circulation model. As in the Earth system Model of Intermediate Complexity, LOVECLIM, ARPEGE shows that the northern hemispheric high insolation in summer leads to strong MIS–13 monsoon precipitation. Data from the Chinese Loess Plateau indicate that MIS–13 was locally a warm and humid period (Guo et al. in Clim Past 5:21–31, 2009; Yin and Guo in Chin Sci Bull 51(2):213–220, 2006). This is confirmed by these General Circulation Model (GCM) results, where the MIS–13 climate is found to be hotter and more humid both in the presence and absence of any added ice sheets. LOVECLIM found that the combined effects of the ice sheets and their accompanying SSTs contribute to more precipitation in eastern China, whilst in ARPEGE the impact is significant in northeastern China. Nonetheless the results of ARPEGE confirm the counter-intuitive results of LOVECLIM where ice sheets contribute to enhance monsoon precipitation. This happens through a topography induced wave propagating through Eurasia with an ascending branch over northeastern China. A feature which is also seen in LOVECLIM. The SST forcing in ARPEGE results in a strong zonal temperature gradient between the North Atlantic and east Eurasia, which in turn triggers an atmospheric gravity wave. This wave induces a blocking Okhotskian high, preventing the northwards penetration of the Meiyu monsoon front. The synergism between the ice sheets and SST is found through the factor separation method, yielding an increase in the Meiyu precipitation, though a reduction of the Changma precipitation. The synergism between the ice sheets and SST play a non-negligible role and should be taken into consideration in GCM studies. Preliminary fully coupled AOGCM results presented here further substantiate the finding of stronger MIS–13 monsoons and a reinforcement from ice sheets. This work increases our understanding of the signals found in the paleo-observations and the dynamics of the complex East Asian Summer Monsoon.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. The EMIS project is funded by the ERC Advanced Grant N°227348. The NCEP Re-analysis data was provided by the NOAA/ OAR/ ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA and obtained from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov. Q. Yin is supported by the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (F.R.S.-FNRS). Access to computer facilities was made easier through sponsorship from S.A. Electrabel, Belgium.

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  1. Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research (TECLIM), Earth and Life Institute (ELI), Université catholique de Louvain, 2 Chemin du Cyclotron, 1348, Louvain la Neuve, Belgium

    Helene Muri, André Berger, Qiuzhen Yin & Suchithra Sundaram

  2. CNRM-GAME Météo-France/CNRS, 42, Avenue Coriolis, 31057, Toulouse Cedex, France

    Aurore Voldoire & David Salas Y. Mélia

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  1. Helene Muri
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  2. André Berger
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  3. Qiuzhen Yin
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  6. Suchithra Sundaram
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Correspondence to Helene Muri.

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Muri, H., Berger, A., Yin, Q. et al. SST and ice sheet impacts on the MIS–13 climate. Clim Dyn 39, 1739–1761 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-011-1216-9

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