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Diel pCO2 variation among coral reefs and microhabitats at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef

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Abstract

Most laboratory experiments examining the effect of ocean acidification on marine organisms use stable pH/pCO2 treatments based on average projections for the open ocean. However, pH/pCO2 levels vary spatially and temporally in marine environments, and this variation can affect organism responses to pH/pCO2. On coral reefs, diel pH/pCO2 variability at the individual reef scale has been reported in a few studies, but variation among microhabitats within a reef remains poorly understood. This study determined the pH/pCO2 variability of three different reefs, and three contrasting coral reef microhabitats (dominated by hard coral, soft coral, or open substrate) within each reef. Three SeaFET pH loggers were deployed simultaneously at the three microhabitats within a reef over a 9-day period. This was repeated at three different reefs around the Lizard Island lagoon. The loggers recorded pHT and temperature every 5 min. Water samples were collected from each microhabitat during four points of the tidal cycle (high, low, rising, and falling) and analysed for total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon. The data show a clear diel pCO2 cycle, increasing overnight and decreasing during the day, in association with photosynthesis and respiration cycles. Diel pCO2 differed more between reefs than between microhabitats within reefs. Variation between reefs was most likely influenced by water flow, with the more protected (low flow) reefs experiencing a greater range in pCO2 (Δ 250 μatm) than the exposed (high flow) reefs (Δ 116 μatm). These results add to a growing body of the literature on the diel variation of pCO2 of shallow, nearshore environments and suggest that when projecting future pCO2 levels, it is important to consider reef metabolism as well as physical and hydrodynamic factors.

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Acknowledgements

We thank B Wren Patton and Sam Noonan for assistance with fieldwork and maintenance of the instruments and Stephen Boyle for analysing the alkalinity and DIC samples. We also extend special thanks to the staff at the Lizard Island Research Station for their help and support. This project was facilitated by funding from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS).

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  1. ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia

    Kelly D. Hannan, Gabrielle M. Miller, Sue-Ann Watson, Jodie L. Rummer & Philip L. Munday

  2. Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia

    Sue-Ann Watson

  3. Australian Institute of Marine Sciences, Townsville, 4811, Australia

    Katharina Fabricius

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  1. Kelly D. Hannan
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Correspondence to Kelly D. Hannan.

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The dataset generated and analyzed during the current study is available from the corresponding author on request or via the Tropical Research Data Hub (https://doi.org/10.25903/5eebf8f419abf).

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Hannan, K.D., Miller, G.M., Watson, SA. et al. Diel pCO2 variation among coral reefs and microhabitats at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 39, 1391–1406 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-020-01973-z

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