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The role of local and regional environmental factors for Calanus finmarchicus and C. hyperboreus abundances in the Nordic Seas

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Abstract

In the advective realm of the seas, it is challenging to disentangle the role of regional and local processes on zooplankton populations. However, comparative studies of spatially separated zooplankton populations can provide valuable insights into this issue. We studied interannual abundance variation of the key zooplankton species Calanus finmarchicus and C. hyperboreus in three near-shore locations of the Nordic Seas: off northern Norway, Svalbard, and northern Iceland. Average abundances of both species were similar among locations, while in each location the abundance of C. finmarchicus was about an order of magnitude higher than the abundance of C. hyperboreus. The abundance of both species decreased in northern Norway, while C. finmarchicus abundance increased in northern Iceland. C. finmarchicus abundance in northern Norway covaried with regional climate, while the Svalbard Calanus populations were related to local environment (hydrography, phytoplankton). In northern Iceland, C. finmarchicus abundance covaried with local environmental factors, while C. hyperboreus abundance covaried with climate variability. Top-down forcing could not be investigated. The results indicate that the mechanisms relating regional climate variability (North Atlantic and Arctic oscillations) to Calanus abundance are mediated through advection of water masses, while more local environmental variability involved bottom-up processes or advection.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank M. Daase and A. Wold (Norwegian Polar Institute) and S. Kwasniewski (Institute of Oceanology, Poland) for their help with data collection and analysis. We are also thankful to H. Petursdottir and S. Sigurgeirsdottir (Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Iceland), who analysed some of the samples from Northern Iceland, and to T. Thangstad (Institute of Marine Research, Norway) for the help with maps of the sampling locations. The study is done with a contribution from the ARCTOS research network.

Funding

The project was funded by the Northern Area Program supported by Conoco Phillips (NSBU-107021) and Lundin Norway (C000353).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture, Nord University, P.O. Box 1490, 8049, Bodø, Norway

    Marina Espinasse & Ketil Eiane

  2. Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, P.O. Box 6606, Langnes, 9296, Tromsø, Norway

    Claudia Halsband, Øystein Varpe & Stig Falk-Petersen

  3. The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), P.O. Box 156, 9171, Longyearbyen, Norway

    Øystein Varpe

  4. Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, P.O. Box 1390, Skulagata 4, 121, Reykjavik, Iceland

    Astthor Gislason & Kristinn Gudmundsson

  5. Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, P.O. Box 6606, Langnes, N-9296, Tromsø, Norway

    Stig Falk-Petersen

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  1. Marina Espinasse
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  2. Claudia Halsband
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  7. Ketil Eiane
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Correspondence to Marina Espinasse.

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Espinasse, M., Halsband, C., Varpe, Ø. et al. The role of local and regional environmental factors for Calanus finmarchicus and C. hyperboreus abundances in the Nordic Seas. Polar Biol 40, 2363–2380 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-017-2150-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-017-2150-z

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