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All-trans retinoic acid with daunorubicin or idarubicin for risk-adapted treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia: a matched-pair analysis of the PETHEMA LPA-2005 and IC-APL studies

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Abstract

Front-line treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) consists of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and anthracycline-based chemotherapy. In this setting, a comparison of idarubicin and daunorubicin has never been carried out. Two similar clinical trials using ATRA and chemotherapy for newly diagnosed APL were compared using matched-pair analysis. One was conducted by the PETHEMA/HOVON group with idarubicin and the other by the International Consortium on APL (IC-APL) using daunorubicin. Three hundred and fifty patients from the PETHEMA/HOVON cohort were matched with 175 patients in the IC-APL cohort, adjusting for the significantly unbalanced presenting features of the two entire cohorts. Complete remission (CR) rate was significantly higher in the PETHEMA/HOVON (94 %) than in the IC-APL cohort (85 %) (P = 0.002). The distribution of causes of induction failure and the time to achieve CR were similar in both cohorts. Patients who achieved CR had comparable cumulative incidence of relapse and disease-free survival rates, but lower overall and event-free survivals were observed in the IC-APL cohort, which was mainly due to a higher death rate during induction therapy. A higher death rate during consolidation therapy was also observed in the IC-APL. These results show that daunorubicin and idarubicin have similar antileukaemic efficacy in terms of primary resistance, molecular persistence, as well as molecular and haematological relapse rates when combined with ATRA in treatment of APL. However, a higher toxic death rate during induction and consolidation therapy was observed in the IC-APL cohort. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00408278 [ClinicalTrials.gov].

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank all participating institutions and clinicians in the PETHEMA/HOVON and IC-APL studies. This work was supported in part by Cooperative Research Thematic Network Grant RD12/0036/014 (Instituto de Salud Carlos III and European Regional Development Fund). The authors are thankful for the support of the American Society of Hematology, Fondazione Umberto Veronesi, Roche South Arabia, Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Grant No. 1998/14247-6), Fundacion Mexicana para la Salud, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital and Cephalon Europe.

Authors’ contribution

M.A.S. conceived the study and analysed and interpreted the data; M.A.S., F.L-C., A.G., N.B., R.C.R., B.L. and E.M.R. wrote the paper; P.M. and H. K. performed the statistical analyses; E.M.R., G.J.R.-A., M.S.U. and L.M. were the national coordinators in Brazil, Mexico, Chile and Uruguay, respectively; M.R.U., R.H.J., H. G-A., R.A.M.M., R.B., R.P., K.P., E.M.F., E.V., A.H., Ch.R., P.F., J.d.S., S.B., E.d.L, J.G-C., J.M.R. and I.K. included data of patients treated in their institutions, reviewed the manuscript and contributed to the final draft.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hematology Department, University Hospital La Fe, Avinguda Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain

    Miguel A. Sanz & Pau Montesinos

  2. Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain

    Miguel A. Sanz & Pau Montesinos

  3. Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA

    Haesook T. Kim

  4. Clinica Ruiz de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico

    Guillermo J. Ruiz-Argüelles

  5. Department of Hematology, Hospital del Salvador, Santiago, Chile

    María S. Undurraga

  6. Asociación Española Primera de Socorros Mutuos, Montevideo, Uruguay

    María R. Uriarte & Lem Martínez

  7. Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto and Center for Cell Based Therapy, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

    Rafael H. Jacomo & Eduardo M. Rego

  8. Hematology Division, Hospital Universitario Dr José E. González, Monterrey, Mexico

    Homero Gutiérrez-Aguirre

  9. Fundação HEMOPE, Recife, Brazil

    Raul A. M. Melo

  10. Hematology Division, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Rosane Bittencourt

  11. Hematology Division, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil

    Ricardo Pasquini

  12. Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil

    Katia Pagnano

  13. Hematology Division, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

    Evandro M. Fagundes

  14. Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Edo Vellenga

  15. Department of Hematology, Silesian Medical University, Katowice, Poland

    Alexandra Holowiecka

  16. Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain

    Ana J. González-Huerta

  17. Department of Hematology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain

    Pascual Fernández

  18. Department of Hematology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain

    Javier De la Serna

  19. Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain

    Salut Brunet

  20. Department of Hematology, Hospital Maciel, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Elena De Lisa

  21. Department of Hematology, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain

    José González-Campos

  22. Department of Hematology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain

    José M. Ribera

  23. Department of Hematology, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain

    Isabel Krsnik

  24. Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

    Arnold Ganser

  25. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Nancy Berliner

  26. Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA

    Raul C. Ribeiro

  27. Department of Biopathology, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

    Francesco Lo-Coco

  28. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy

    Francesco Lo-Coco

  29. Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands

    Bob Löwenberg

Authors
  1. Miguel A. Sanz
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  2. Pau Montesinos
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  7. Lem Martínez
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  9. Homero Gutiérrez-Aguirre
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  10. Raul A. M. Melo
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  13. Katia Pagnano
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  14. Evandro M. Fagundes
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  15. Edo Vellenga
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  16. Alexandra Holowiecka
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  17. Ana J. González-Huerta
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  18. Pascual Fernández
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  19. Javier De la Serna
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  20. Salut Brunet
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  21. Elena De Lisa
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  22. José González-Campos
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  23. José M. Ribera
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  24. Isabel Krsnik
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  25. Arnold Ganser
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  26. Nancy Berliner
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  27. Raul C. Ribeiro
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  28. Francesco Lo-Coco
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  29. Bob Löwenberg
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  30. Eduardo M. Rego
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Consortia

on behalf of the IC-APL and PETHEMA and HOVON Groups

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Miguel A. Sanz.

Appendix

Appendix

The following institutions and clinicians participated in the study: Argentina (Grupo Argentino de Tratamiento de la Leucemia Aguda)—Complejo Médico Policia Federal, La Plata: L. Palmer; Fundaleu, Buenos Aires: S. Pavlovsky, G. Milone, I. Fernández; Hospital Clemente Álvarez, Rosario: S. Ciarlo, F. Bezares; Hospital de Clínicas, Buenos Aires: F. Rojas; H. Longoni; Hospital General San Martín, La Plata: M. Gelemur, P. Fazio; Hospital Rossi, La Plata: C. Canepa, S. Saba, G. Balladares; Hospital San Martín de Paraná, Entre Ríos: P. Negri; Instituto Privado de Hematología, Paraná: M. Giunta; Instituto de Trasplante de Médula Ósea, La Plata: J. Milone, MV. Prates; Hospital Tornú, Buenos Aires: D. Lafalse; Colombia—Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali: F.J. Jaramillo Echevarry; FOSCAL, Bucaramanga: C. Sossa Melo; Czech Republic—Faculty Hospital, Brno: J. Mayer, M. Protivankova; IHBT, Prague: J. Scwarz; Slovakia—UNLP, Kosice: Jana Jurkovicova; Spain (Programa Español de Tratamiento de las Hemopatías Malignas)—Basurtuko Ospitalea, Bilbao: J. M. Beltrán de Heredia; Complejo Hospitalario de Segovia: J.M. Hernández; Complexo Hospitalario Xeral-Calde, Lugo; J. Arias; Complejo Hospitalario, León: F. Ramos; Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid: A. Román; Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid: J. de la Serna; Hospital Carlos Haya, Málaga: S. Negri; Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo: C. Rayón; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona: J. Esteve; Hospital Clínico de Valladolid: F.J. Fernández-Calvo; Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid: J. Díaz-Mediavilla; Hospital Clínico San Carlos (H. Infantil), Madrid: C. Gil; Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela: M. Pérez-encinas; Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia: M. Tormo; Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza: M. Olave; Hospital de Cruces, Barakaldo: E. Amutio; Hospital del Mar, Barcelona: C. Pedro; Hospital de Navarra, Pamplona: A. Gorosquieta; M. Viguria; M. Zudaire; Hospital Dr Negrín, Las Palmas: T. Molero; Hospital Dr Peset, Valencia: M. J. Sayas; Hospital Dr Trueta, Girona: R. Guardia; Hospital General de Albacete: F. Manso; Hospital General de Alicante: C. Rivas; Hospital General de Alicante (Oncología Pediátrica): C. Esquembre; Hospital General de Castellón: R. García; Hospital General de Especialidades Ciudad de Jaén: A. Alcalá; J.A. López; Hospital General de Jerez de la Frontera: V. Rubio; Hospital General de Murcia: M.L. Amigo; Hospital General de Valencia: M. Linares; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona: J. M. Ribera; Hospital Insular de Las Palmas: J. D. González San Miguel; Hospital Juan Canalejo, A Coruña: G. Debén; Hospital Joan XXIII, Tarragona: L. Escoda; Hospital La Princesa, Madrid: R. de la Cámara; Hospital Materno-Infantil de Las Palmas: A. Molines; Hospital do Meixoeiro, Vigo: C. Loureiro; Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra: M.J. Allegue; L. Amador; Hospital Mutua de Terrasa: J.M. Martí; Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid: L. Madero; A. Lassaletta; Hospital Ntra. Sra. de Sonsoles, Ávila: M. Cabezudo; Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid: J. García-Laraña; Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba: R. Rojas; Hospital Río Carrión, Palencia: F. Ortega; Hospital Río Hortega, Valladolid: M. J. Peñarrubia; Hospital San Jorge, Huesca: F. Puente; Hospital San Rafael, Madrid: B. López-Ibor; Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona: S. Brunet; Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara, Cáceres: J. M. Bergua; Hospital Santa María del Rosell, Cartagena: J. Ibáñez; Hospital Severo Ochoa, Leganés: P. Sánchez; Hospital Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca: A. Novo; Hospital de Tortosa: LL. Font; Hospital Txagorritxu, Vitoria: J. M. Guinea; Hospital Universitario del Aire, Madrid: A. Montero; Hospital Universitario de Salamanca: M. González; Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia: M. A. Sanz, G. Martín, J. Martínez, P. Montesinos; Hospital Universitario La Fe (Hospital Infantil), Valencia: A. Verdeguer; Hospital Universitario La Paz (Hospital Infantil), Madrid: P. García; Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander: E. Conde; Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares: J. García; Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz: F.J. Capote; Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid: I. Krsnik; Hospital Universitario Vall D’Hebron, Barcelona: J. Bueno; Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil Vall D’Hebron, Barcelona: P. Bastida; Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia: A. Rubio; Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (Pediatría), Murcia: J.L. Fuster; Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla: J. González; Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga: I. Pérez; Hospital Virgen del Camino (Infantil), Pamplona: J. Molina; Hospital Virgen del Camino (Adultos), Pamplona: M.C. Mateos; M.A. Ardaiz; Clínica San Miguel, Pamplona: M. Rodríguez-calvillo; Hospital Xeral Cíes, Vigo; C. Poderós; Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospitalet de Llobregat; M. Arnán, R. Duarte; Hospital de Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada: J.A. Hernández; Hospital General de Guadalajara, Guadalajara: M. Díaz-Morfa; Hospital Juan Ramón Jimenez, Huelva: E. Martín-Chacón; Hospital Doctor José Molina Orosa, Lanzarote: J.M. Calvo-Villas; Hospital Madrid Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid: D. García-Belmonte; Hospital U. La Paz, Madrid: D. Hernández-Maraver; Poland (Polish Adult Leukemia Group, PALG)—Silesian Medical University, Katowice: A. Holowiecka-Goral; Collegium Medicum Jagiellonian University, Krakow: B. Jakubas; City Hospital, Rzeszów: A. Skret-Norwicz; City Hospital, Poznan: P. Bizgalska-Skrzypek; Medical University, Lodz: A. Pluta; Universitary Hospital, Szczecin: R. Becht; Universitary Hospital, Wroclaw: M. Kielbinski; Center of Oncology, Kielce: M. Watek; Medical University, Warsaw: M. Paluszewska; City Hospital, Bydgoszcz: A. Gadomska; City Hospital, Krakow: E. Rzenno; Medical University, Bialystok: J. Piszcz; Institut of Hematology, Warsaw: A. Ejduk, J. Dobrzanska; City Hospital, Tornú: M. Calbecka, A. Kostyra; Medical University, Lublin: M. Malek; City Hospital, Chorzow: S. Grosicki; Medical University School, Gdansk: W. Knopinska; The Netherlands (The Dutch-Belgian Hemato-Oncology Cooperative Group, HOVON)—VU Medical Center Amsterdam: G. J. Ossenkoppele; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam: J. van der Lelie; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam: B. Lowenberg, P. Sonneveld, M. Zijlmans; University Medical Center, Groningen: E. Vellenga; Gasthuisberg Hospital, Leuven: J. Maertens; OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam: B. de Valk; Den Haag Hospital, Leyenburg: P.W. Wijermans; Medical Spectrum Twente Hospital, Enschede: M.R. de Groot; Academic Hospital Maastricht: H.C. Schouten; St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein: D.H. Biesma; Sophia Hospital, Zwolle: M. van Marwijk Kooy; Uruguay—Hospital Maciel, Montevideo: E. de Lisa

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Sanz, M.A., Montesinos, P., Kim, H.T. et al. All-trans retinoic acid with daunorubicin or idarubicin for risk-adapted treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia: a matched-pair analysis of the PETHEMA LPA-2005 and IC-APL studies. Ann Hematol 94, 1347–1356 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-015-2393-0

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