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Long-Term Single-Center Retrospective Follow-Up After Embolization of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations Treated Over a 20-year Period: Frequency of Re-canalization with Various Embolization Materials and Clinical Outcome

  • Clinical Investigation
  • Arterial Interventions
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Abstract

Purpose

The present study is a register-based observational study of an unselected consecutive patient cohort with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) from a single national hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and PAVM embolization center. The aim was to investigate the frequency of re-embolizations and the clinical outcome after embolization with the use of different embolization materials further, to define which PAVM morphology and size of feeding arteries that most often were re-embolized, and to estimate the clinical outcome of the patients including those that were re-embolized.

Methods

The population was included from 1996 until 2016 and was made up of a total of 136 patients with 322 PAVMs. Median follow-up was 38.3 (0.3–241 months).

Results

The re-embolization rate was 9.3%. None of the PAVMs treated with detachable silicone balloons were re-embolized, while 4.5% treated with vascular plugs and 11.7% treated with coils were re-embolized (p=0.07). In total, 16/74 complex PAVMs were re-embolized compared with 14/248 simple PAVMs. In big-sized feeding arteries ≥ 6mm, 16/112 were re-embolized compared with 14/210 with smaller-sized feeding arteries. Out of the 30 re-embolized PAVMs, 23 resulted in a successful clinical outcome.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that standard coils probably should not be the first choice for embolization of PAVMs, and vascular plug alone or in combination with coils might be a better primary option for embolization in these patients.

Level of Evidence

Level 3A, non-randomized case controlled cohort/follow-up study.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, J.B.Winsløws Vej 4, 5000, Odense C, Denmark

    Poul Erik Andersen & Stevo Duvnjak

  2. Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

    Poul Erik Andersen, Stevo Duvnjak, Oke Gerke & Anette Drøhse Kjeldsen

  3. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense C, Denmark

    Oke Gerke

  4. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense C, Denmark

    Anette Drøhse Kjeldsen

Authors
  1. Poul Erik Andersen
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  4. Anette Drøhse Kjeldsen
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Poul Erik Andersen.

Ethics declarations

All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable standards. The study was approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency (File no. 15/10194) according to the Danish Act on Processing of Personal Data (Act No. 429 of 31 May 2000), and Danish Health and Medicines Authority (File no. 3-3013-974/1).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Consent for publication was obtained for every individual person’s data included in the study.

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Andersen, P.E., Duvnjak, S., Gerke, O. et al. Long-Term Single-Center Retrospective Follow-Up After Embolization of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations Treated Over a 20-year Period: Frequency of Re-canalization with Various Embolization Materials and Clinical Outcome. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 42, 1102–1109 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-019-02204-x

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