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Multimethod analysis of Iranian Ilkhanate ceramics from the Takht-e Soleyman palace

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Abstract

The present work describes an analytical study performed on several pieces of Iranian Ilkhanate glazed ceramics from the Takht-e Soleyman palace (Iran, thirteenth century). Several advanced instrumental techniques, including pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, light microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy–X-ray microanalysis and voltammetry of microparticles, were used. The results obtained led to identification of the chemical and mineralogical composition of the pastes and glazes and the colouring agents. Corrosion processes associated with the extreme burial conditions in which the pieces remained for centuries were characterized in some areas of the glazes. A drying oil was identified as the main component of the organic material that was used as the adhesive for the decorative gold sheets applied on the glazes. This finding is in good agreement with traditional recipes. Interestingly, this drying oil exhibits an unusual composition as the gold sheet preserved it from external ageing agents (light, atmosphere, etc.).

Tiles with cobalt blue glaze from the indoor decoration of the Takht-e Soleyman Palace (13th-15th centuries, Iran). a: 20986-8, b: 20986-10 and c:21300a

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Acknowledgements

Financial support from the Spanish I+D+I MICINN project CTQ2008-06727-C03-01 and 02/BQU supported by ERDEF funds as well as the Generalitat Valenciana I+D project ACOMP/2009/171 is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to thank Manuel Planes i Insausti and José Luis Moya, technical supervisors responsible for the Electron Microscopy Service of the Universitat Politécnica de València.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut de Restauració del Patrimoni, Universitat Politécnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain

    Laura Osete-Cortina, María Teresa Doménech-Carbó, Dolores Julia Yusá-Marco & Hossein Ahmadi

  2. Departamento Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 13, 46010, Valencia, Spain

    Antonio Doménech

  3. Department of Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage, Art University of Esfahan, Hakim Nezami St., P.O. Box 1744, Esfahan, Iran

    Hossein Ahmadi

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  1. Laura Osete-Cortina
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  2. María Teresa Doménech-Carbó
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  4. Dolores Julia Yusá-Marco
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  5. Hossein Ahmadi
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Correspondence to María Teresa Doménech-Carbó.

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Osete-Cortina, L., Doménech-Carbó, M.T., Doménech, A. et al. Multimethod analysis of Iranian Ilkhanate ceramics from the Takht-e Soleyman palace. Anal Bioanal Chem 397, 319–329 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-3413-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-3413-5

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