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Square-wave anodic-stripping voltammetric determination of Cd, Pb, and Cu in a hydrofluoric acid solution of siliceous spicules of marine sponges (from the Ligurian Sea, Italy, and the Ross Sea, Antarctica)

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An Erratum to this article was published on 14 July 2013

Abstract

Square-wave anodic-stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was set up and optimized for simultaneous determination of cadmium, lead, and copper in siliceous spicules of marine sponges, directly in the hydrofluoric acid solution (∼0.55 mol L−1 HF, pH ∼1.9). A thin mercury-film electrode (TMFE) plated on to an HF-resistant epoxy-impregnated graphite rotating-disc support was used. The optimum experimental conditions, evaluated also in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio, were as follows: deposition potential −1100 mV vs. Ag/AgCl, KCl 3 mol L−1, deposition time 3–10 min, electrode rotation 3000 rpm, SW scan from −1100 mV to +100 mV, SW pulse amplitude 25 mV, frequency 100 Hz, ΔE step 8 mV, t step 100 ms, t wait 60 ms, t delay 2 ms, t meas 3 ms. Under these conditions the metal peak potentials were Cd −654 ± 1 mV, Pb −458 ± 1 mV, Cu −198 ± 1 mV. The electrochemical behaviour was reversible for Pb, quasi-reversible for Cd, and kinetically controlled (possibly following chemical reaction) for Cu. The linearity of the response with concentration was verified up to ∼4 μg L−1 for Cd and Pb and ∼20 μg L−1 for Cu. The detection limits were 5.8 ng L−1, 3.6 ng L−1, and 4.3 ng L−1 for Cd, Pb, and Cu, respectively, with t d = 5 min. The method was applied for determination of the metals in spicules of two specimens of marine sponges (Demosponges) from the Portofino natural reserve (Ligurian Sea, Italy, Petrosia ficiformis) and Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica, Sphaerotylus antarcticus). The metal contents varied from tens of ng g−1 to ∼1 μg g−1, depending on the metal considered and with significant differences between the two sponge species.

Marine sponges Petrosia ficiformis and Sphaerotylus antarcticus analysed by voltammetry (Photos Carlo Cerrano)

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Acknowledgements

Financial support from the Italian Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide under the project “Chemical Contamination” is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are grateful to Professor G. Bavestrello for spongiological advice and for stimulating discussion. Many thanks are due to the technical personnel of ENEA (Ente Nazionale Energia e Ambiente) at Terra Nova Bay, and to the scientists of the 2005–2006 expedition (especially Stefano Schiaparelli) for the sampling activities performed on-site.

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  1. Department of Marine Science, Polytechnic University of Marche – Ancona, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy

    C. Truzzi, A. Annibaldi, S. Illuminati, E. Bassotti & G. Scarponi

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Truzzi, C., Annibaldi, A., Illuminati, S. et al. Square-wave anodic-stripping voltammetric determination of Cd, Pb, and Cu in a hydrofluoric acid solution of siliceous spicules of marine sponges (from the Ligurian Sea, Italy, and the Ross Sea, Antarctica). Anal Bioanal Chem 392, 247–262 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2239-x

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