Abstract
Summary
Postmenopausal women were assessed to determine the association between dietary intake of various food groups and low bone mineral density. Among dietary factors, high consumption of protein-containing food and dairy products was associated with a reduced risk for low bone mineral density.
Introduction
There have been several studies regarding the correlation between bone mineral density and dietary intake. In this study, we assessed the association between dietary habit and low bone mineral density among Korean postmenopausal women.
Methods
Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 2,501 subjects. A brief food frequency questionnaire, which included 16 food items, was used in this cross-sectional survey.
Results
After adjusting for other risk factors related to low bone mineral density, a high intake frequency of protein-sourced food was associated with a lower risk for osteopenia (odds ratio (OR), 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.54–0.87 for high vs. low intake frequency; p for trend, 0.02) and osteoporosis (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.39–0.83 for high vs. low intake frequency; p for trend, 0.003), and a high intake frequency of dairy food was associated with a decreased risk for osteopenia (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57–0.94 for high vs. low intake frequency; p for trend, 0.018).
Conclusion
These results suggest that adequate nutrient intake is essential to maintain bone health in postmenopausal women.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
National Institutes of Health (2000) Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. NIH Consens Statement 17:1-45
Cauley JA, Robbins J, Chen Z, Cummings SR, Jackson RD, LaCroix AZ, LeBoff M, Lewis CE, McGowan J, Neuner J, Pettinger M, Stefanick ML, Wactawski-Wende J, Watts NB (2003) Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density: the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial. JAMA 290:1729–1738
Filip RS, Zagorski J (2005) Osteoporosis risk factors in rural and urban women from the Lublin region of Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med 12:21–26
Yahata Y, Aoyagi K, Okano K, Yoshimi I, Kusano Y, Kobayashi M, Moji K, Takemoto T (2002) Metacarpal bone mineral density, body mass index and lifestyle among postmenopausal Japanese women: relationship of body mass index, physical activity, calcium intake, alcohol and smoking to bone mineral density: the Hizen-Oshima study. Tohoku J Exp Med 196:123–129
McCabe LD, Martin BR, McCabe GP, Johnston CC, Weaver CM, Peacock M (2004) Dairy intakes affect bone density in the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr 80:1066–1074
Lanham-New SA (2006) Fruit and vegetables: the unexpected natural answer to the question of osteoporosis prevention? Am J Clin Nutr 83:1254–1255
New SA (2003) Intake of fruit and vegetables: implications for bone health. Proc Nutr Soc 62:889–899
Tucker KL, Chen H, Hannan MT, Cupples LA, Wilson PW, Felson D, Kiel DP (2002) Bone mineral density and dietary patterns in older adults: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. Am J Clin Nutr 76:245–252
Tucker KL, Hannan MT, Chen H, Cupples LA, Wilson PW, Kiel DP (1999) Potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with greater bone mineral density in elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 69:727–736
Zalloua PA, Hsu YH, Terwedow H, Zang T, Wu D, Tang G, Li Z, Hong X, Azar ST, Wang B, Bouxsein ML, Brain J, Cummings SR, Rosen CJ, Xu X (2007) Impact of seafood and fruit consumption on bone mineral density. Maturitas 56:1–11
Shaw CK (1993) An epidemiologic study of osteoporosis in Taiwan. Ann Epidemiol 3:264–271
Hallstrom H, Wolk A, Glynn A, Michaelsson K (2006) Coffee, tea and caffeine consumption in relation to osteoporotic fracture risk in a cohort of Swedish women. Osteoporos Int 17:1055–1064
Muraki S, Yamamoto S, Ishibashi H, Oka H, Yoshimura N, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K (2007) Diet and lifestyle associated with increased bone mineral density: cross-sectional study of Japanese elderly women at an osteoporosis outpatient clinic. J Orthop Sci 12:317–320
Zhang J, Munger RG, West NA, Cutler DR, Wengreen HJ, Corcoran CD (2006) Antioxidant intake and risk of osteoporotic hip fracture in Utah: an effect modified by smoking status. Am J Epidemiol 163:9–17
Yazdanpanah N, Zillikens MC, Rivadeneira F, de Jong R, Lindemans J, Uitterlinden AG, Pols HA, van Meurs JB (2007) Effect of dietary B vitamins on BMD and risk of fracture in elderly men and women: the Rotterdam Study. Bone 41:987–994
Devine A, Dhaliwal SS, Dick IM, Bollerslev J, Prince RL (2004) Physical activity and calcium consumption are important determinants of lower limb bone mass in older women. J Bone Miner Res 19:1634–1639
Hernandez-Rauda R, Martinez-Garcia S (2004) Osteoporosis-related life habits and knowledge about osteoporosis among women in El Salvador: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 5:29
Weikert C, Walter D, Hoffmann K, Kroke A, Bergmann MM, Boeing H (2005) The relation between dietary protein, calcium and bone health in women: results from the EPIC-Potsdam cohort. Ann Nutr Metab 49:312–318
Feskanich D, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA (1996) Protein consumption and bone fractures in women. Am J Epidemiol 143:472–479
Munger RG, Cerhan JR, Chiu BC (1999) Prospective study of dietary protein intake and risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 69:147–152
Wengreen HJ, Munger RG, West NA, Cutler DR, Corcoran CD, Zhang J, Sassano NE (2004) Dietary protein intake and risk of osteoporotic hip fracture in elderly residents of Utah. J Bone Miner Res 19:537–545
Tucker KL, Morita K, Qiao N, Hannan MT, Cupples LA, Kiel DP (2006) Colas, but not other carbonated beverages, are associated with low bone mineral density in older women: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. Am J Clin Nutr 84:936–942
Shin A, Choi JY, Chung HW, Park SK, Shin CS, Choi YH, Cho SI, Kim DS, Kim DI, Lee KM, Lee KH, Yoo KY, Kang D (2004) Prevalence and risk factors of distal radius and calcaneus bone mineral density in Korean population. Osteoporos Int 15:639–644
Promislow JH, Goodman-Gruen D, Slymen DJ, Barrett-Connor E (2002) Protein consumption and bone mineral density in the elderly: the Rancho Bernardo Study. Am J Epidemiol 155:636–644
Heaney RP (2002) Protein and calcium: antagonists or synergists? Am J Clin Nutr 75:609–610
Schurch MA, Rizzoli R, Slosman D, Vadas L, Vergnaud P, Bonjour JP (1998) Protein supplements increase serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels and attenuate proximal femur bone loss in patients with recent hip fracture. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 128:801–809
Hu JF, Zhao XH, Jia JB, Parpia B, Campbell TC (1993) Dietary calcium and bone density among middle-aged and elderly women in China. Am J Clin Nutr 58:219–227
Prynne CJ, Mishra GD, O'Connell MA, Muniz G, Laskey MA, Yan L, Prentice A, Ginty F (2006) Fruit and vegetable intakes and bone mineral status: a cross sectional study in 5 age and sex cohorts. Am J Clin Nutr 83:1420–1428
Tucker KL, Hannan MT, Kiel DP (2001) The acid-base hypothesis: diet and bone in the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. Eur J Nutr 40:231–237
Welch AA, Bingham SA, Reeve J, Khaw KT (2007) More acidic dietary acid-base load is associated with reduced calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation in women but not in men: results from the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 85:1134–1141
Frassetto LA, Morris RC Jr, Sebastian A (1996) Effect of age on blood acid-base composition in adult humans: role of age-related renal functional decline. Am J Physiol 271:F1114–F1122
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by a grant from the National Cancer Center, Korea (no. 0610552–3 and 0910220–1).
Conflicts of interest
None.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shin, A., Lim, S., Sung, J. et al. Dietary habit and bone mineral density in Korean postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 21, 947–955 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-009-1039-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-009-1039-2