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Mesenchymale Stammzellen der Haut

Gegenwärtiger Stand der Forschung, potenzielle klinische Anwendungen

Cutaneous mesenchymal stem cells

Current status of research and potential clinical applications

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Zusammenfassung

Es ist zu erwarten, dass innerhalb der nächsten Dekade Stammzelltherapien Einzug in die klinische Medizin halten werden. Die dermatologische Stammzellforschung konzentrierte sich im Wesentlichen auf die Epidermis und den Haarfollikel. Im Jahr 2001 wurden dermale mesenchymale Stammzellen beschrieben, die die Kapazität haben, sich in Adipozyten, glatte Muskelzellen, Osteozyten, Chondrozyten und sogar Neuronen und Glia als auch Zellen der erythroiden und myeloiden Zelllinie zu entwickeln. Die perifollikuläre Bindegewebsscheide und die Haarpapille bilden dabei wahrscheinlich die anatomische Nische für diese multipotenten dermalen Stammzellen, die das Potenzial besitzen, als einfach zugängliche, autologe Quelle für zukünftige Stammzelltransplantationen zu fungieren. Mögliche therapeutische Anwendungsmöglichkeiten bestehen in der Behandlung der akuten und steroidrefraktären Graft-versus-Host-Reaktion, des systemischen Lupus erythematodes, der idiopathischen pulmonalen Fibrose und der Arthrose. Das neuronale Differenzierungspotenzial kutaner mesenchymaler Stammzellen könnte für die Behandlung neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen und von Rückenmarksverletzungen genutzt werden. Der unmittelbarste Einfluss ist in der Therapie schwieriger Wunden zu erwarten.

Abstract

Within the next decade stem cell-based therapies can be expected to be part of clinical medicine. In regard to the skin, the focus of stem cell research is on the epidermis and the hair follicle. In 2001, mesenchymal stem cells residing within the dermis were first isolated which have the capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, smooth muscle cells, osteocytes, chondrocytes and even neurons and glia as well as hematopoietic cells of myeloid and erythroid lineage. The perifollicular connective tissue sheath and the papilla represent the likely anatomical niche for these multipotent dermal cells. They have the potential to function as an easily accessible, autologous source for future stem cell transplantation. Potential therapeutic applications include the treatment of acute and steroid-refractory graft-versus-host disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and arthritis. The neuronal differentiation potential of cutaneous mesenchymal stem cells may also be exploited in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and traumatic spinal injury. The most immediate impact can be expected in the field of wound healing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA

    K. Sellheyer

  2. Nelson Dermatopathology Associates, Atlanta, GA, USA

    K. Sellheyer

  3. Institut für Dermatohistologie, Mönchhofstr. 52, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    D. Krahl

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  1. K. Sellheyer
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  2. D. Krahl
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Correspondence to D. Krahl.

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Widmung

Dieser Beitrag ist von Klaus Sellheyer, MD, USA, Herrn Prof. Dr. med. Eckart Haneke, Freiburg, aus Dank für die fortlaufende Unterstützung seiner beruflichen Laufbahn in Deutschland gewidmet.

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Sellheyer, K., Krahl, D. Mesenchymale Stammzellen der Haut. Hautarzt 61, 429–434 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-010-1919-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-010-1919-6

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