Abstract
The effect of air pollution from nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on the epiphytic lichens of the city of Seville (Spain) has been studied. Indices of air purity (IAP) were calculated, based on the lichen flora ofMelia azedarach L. present at 25 stations distributed through the city. The arrangement and classification of the stations by principal component analysis and cluster analysis, respectively, enabled the study area to be zoned into four zones of air purity. Accordingly, the zonal map of air purity for the city of Seville yields a gradient of air purity that is very steep from the centre to the outskirts. The dependence of 77.6% of IAP variability with NO2 pollution levels detected with air emission sensors distributed through the city suggests the relationship between NO2 levels and zones of air purity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
AMA. Medio Ambiente en Andalucía, Informe 1992, Junta de Andalucía, Consejeria de Cultura y Medio Ambiente. Agencia de Medio Ambiente. Sevilla, 1992;134–137.
Clauzade G, Roux C. Likenoj de Okcidenta Eùropo, Ilustrita determinlibro. Bulletin de la Société Botanique du Centre Ouest 1985;7:1–893.
Clauzade G, Roux C. Likenoj de Okcidenta Eùropo. Bulletin de la Société Botanique du Centre Ouest 1987;18 (Suple 2a):177–214.
Clauzade G, Roux C. Likenoj de Okcidenta Eùropo. Bull Soc Linn Provence 1989;40 (Suple 3a):74–110.
Deruelle S, Garcia-Schaeffer F. Les lichens bioindicateurs de la region Parisienne. Cryptogamie, Bryologie et Lichénologie 1983;4:47–64.
De Wit T. Epiphytic lichens and air pollution in the Netherlands. Biblio Lichenol 1976;5:1–227.
Diamantopoulos J, Pirintsos S, Laundon JR, Vokou D. The epiphytic lichens around Thessaloniki (Greece) as indicators of sulphur dioxide pollution. Lichenologist 1992;24(1):63–71.
Farkas E, Lokos L, Verseghy K. Lichens as indicators of air pollution in the Budapest agglomeration. Acta Botanica Hungarica 1985;31:45–68.
Giralt M. Líquens epífits i contaminació atmosférica a la plana i les serralades litorals tarragonines. Barcelona: Institut d’Estudis Catalans, 1996:1–525.
Hawksworth DL, Rose F. Lichens as Pollution Monitors: Studies in Biology (66). London: E Arnold, 1976.
Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Muller KE. Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariable Methods. Boston: PWS-Kent, 1987:1–718.
Leblanc F, De Sloover J. Relations between industrialization and the distribution and growth of epiphytic lichens and mosses in Montreal. Can J Bot 1970;48:1485–96.
Lee SD. Nitrogen oxides and their effects on health. Ann Arbor: Ann Arbor Science, 1980.
Liebendoerfer L, Herzig L, Urech M, Ammann K. Evaluation und Kalibrierung der Schweizer Flechten-Indikationsmethode mit wichtigen Luftschadstoffen. Staub-Reinhaltung der Luft 1988;48:233–8.
Manly BFJ. Multivariate Statistical Methods: A Primer. London: Chapman and Hall, 1994a:93–215.
Manly BFJ. Ecological statistics. In: Patil GP, Rao CR, editors. Handbook of Statistics (12). Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1994b:307–76.
Nash TH, Wirth V. Lichens, bryophytes and air quality. Biblio Lichenol 1988;30.
Nash TH, Gries C. Lichens as indicators of air pollution. In: Hutzinger O, editor. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry (4C). Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991:1–29.
Nimis PL, Castello M, Perotti M. Lichens as biomonitors of sulphur dioxide pollution in La Spezia (northern Italy). Lichenologist 1990;22(3):333–44.
Nimis PL. I licheni. In: Cignini B, Massari G, Pignatti S, editors. L’ecosistema Roma: Ambiente e Territorio. Roma: Fratelli Palombi srl, 1995:63–8.
Poelt J, Vezda A. Bestimmungsschlüssel europaïscher Flechten: Ergänzungsheft I. Biblio Lichenol 1977;9:1–258.
Poelt J, Vezda A. Bestimmungsschlüssel europaïscher Flechten: Ergänzungsheft II. Biblio Lichenol 1981:16:1–390.
Richardson DHS. Pollution monitoring with lichens. Naturalists’ Handbooks (19). Slough: Richmond, 1992:1–76.
Rivas-Martinez S. Memoria del mapa de series de vegetación de España. Madrid: Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación (ICONA), 1987:40–51.
Robinson E. Dispersion and fade of atmospheric pollutants. In: Treshow M, editor. Air Pollution and Plant Life. New York: Wiley, 1984:15–37.
Sernander R. Stockolms Natur. Uppsala: Almquist and Wiksells, 1926.
Søchting U. Injured reindeer lichens in Danish lichen heaths. Graphis scripta 1987;1:103–6.
Søchting U. Reindeer lichens injured in Denmark. Br Lichen Soc Bull 1990;67:1–4.
Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ. Biometry. New York: Freeman, 1995:451–684.
Zar JH. Biostatistical Analysis. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1984:236–360.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fuentes, J.M.C., Rowe, J.G. The effect of air pollution from nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on epiphytic lichens in Seville, Spain. Aerobiologia 14, 241–247 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02694213
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02694213