Abstract
Surgical Principles
One-level herniated or sequestrated disc material in the lumbar spinal canal is removed through a 3 cm long incision using a speculum shaped muscle retractor (speculum) and specially angulated microsurgical instruments.
The surgical field is illuminated with a headlight if surgery is not performed with a microscope.
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Revised Version from: Operat. Orthop. Traumatol. 2 (1990), 84–92 (German Edition).
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Krämer, J., Wittenberg, R.H. Microdiscectomy for lumbar disc herniation. Orthop. Traumatol. 2, 10–18 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02620531
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02620531