Skip to main content
Log in

Malignant liver tumors in infants and children

  • Published:
World Journal of Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

At the Children’s Hospital in Washington, D.C., 18 patients have been seen in the past 12 years with primary tumors of the liver. The tumors were divided as follows: 13 hepatoblastoma, 2 hepatocellular carcinoma, 2 rhabdomyosarcoma, and 1 mixed mesenchymal sarcoma. Of the patients with hepatoblastoma, all were seen by 4 years of age, and 8 were under 1 year when first seen. Three had pulmonary metastases when first seen. The 2 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were 8 and 12 years old, respectively. The patients with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma were 18 and 30 months of age when seen; 1 had a primary tumor arising in the liver, the other had a tumor in the bile ducts extending into the liver. Ten of the 13 children with hepatoblastoma underwent lobectomy; 5 of these 10 are alive, 1 with known metastases. The other 4 are presumed cured. One of the children with hepatic carcinoma had severe preexisting cirrhosis of the liver and has had 3 local limited excisions. One of the patients with rhabdomyosarcoma is alive and cured after hepatic lobectomy. As yet, there is no known effective chemotherapeutic regimen. Radiation therapy has been useful only in shrinking the tumor, but neither of these modalities has resulted in cure. At the present time, the only known cures are achieved by early detection and successful surgical removal.

Résumé

Au Children’s Hospital de Washington, D.C., 18 malades ont été traités au cours des 12 dernières années pour tumeur primitive du foie: 13 hépatoblastomes, 2 carcinomes hépatocellulaires, 2 rhabdomyosarcomes, 1 mésenchymome malin. Les patients atteints d’hépatoblastome avaient tous moins de 4 ans lors du premier examen et 8 avaient moins d’un an; 3 présentaient des métastases pulmonaires. Les deux malades atteints de carcinome hépatocellulaire avaient 8 et 12 ans. Les deux enfants porteurs de rhabdomyosarcome embryonnaire avaient 18 et 30 mois; l’un avait une tumeur primitive du parenchyme hépatique, l’autre une tumeur de la voie biliaire infiltrant le foie. Sur les 13 hépatoblastomes, 10 ont eu une lobectomie: 5 sont en vie, dont 1 avec métastases, les 4 autres étant considérés comme guéris. Un des enfants atteint de carcinome hépatocellulaire souffrait d’une cirrhose hépatique pré-existante et avait déjà subi 3 exérèses locales limitées. Un des malades atteints de rhabdomyosarcome est guéri après lobectomie. A l’heure actuelle, il n’existe pas de chimiothérapie efficace. La radiothérapie ne peut que réduire le volume de la tumeur. Aucune de ces 2 modalites thérapeutiques ne peut guérir le malade et, aujourd’hui, les seules guérisons ont été obtenues grâce au diagnostic précoce et à l’exérèse chirurgicale.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ishak, K.G.: Primary hepatic tumors in childhood. In Progress in Liver Disease, Vol. 5, Popper, H., Schaffaer, F., editors. New York, Grune and Stratton, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  2. Fraumeni, J.F., Miller, R.W., Hill, J.A.: Primary carcinoma of the liver in childhood. An epidemiologic study. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.40:1087, 1968

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Ishak, K.G., Glunz, P.R.: Hepatoblastoma and hepatocarcinoma in infancy and childhood. Report of 47 cases. Cancer20:396, 1967

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Clatworthy, H.W., Jr., Schiller, M., Grosfeld, J.L.: Primary liver tumors in infancy and childhood. 41 cases variously treated. Arch. Surg.109:143, 1974

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Nikaido, H., Boggs, J., Swenson, O.: Liver tumors in infants and children. Clinical and pathological analysis of 22 cases. Arch. Surg.101:245, 1970

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Martin, L.W., Woodman, K.S.: Hepatic lobectomy for hepatoblastoma in infants and children. Arch. Surg.98:1, 1969

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Randolph, J.G., Altman, R.P., Arensman, R.M., Matlak, M.E., Leikin, S.L.: Liver resection in children with hepatic neoplasms. Ann. Surg.187:599, 1978

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Ein, S.H., Stephens, C.A.: Malignant liver tumors in children. J. Pediatr. Surg.9:491, 1974

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Alpert, M.E., Seeler, R.A.: Alpha-fetoprotein in embryonal hepatoblastoma. J. Pediatr.77:1058, 1970

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Waxman, S., Liu, C., Schreiber, C., Helson, L.: The clinical and physiological implications of hepatoma B12-binding proteins. Cancer Res.37:1908, 1977

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Miller, J., Gates, G., Stanley, P.: The radiologic investigation of hepatic tumors in childhood. Radiology124:451, 1977

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Rosch, J., Mayer, B., Campbell, J., Neerhout, R.: Angiography in the diagnosis of liver disease in children. Radiol. Clin. (Basel)46:321, 1977

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Fraumeni, J.R., Jr., Rosen, P.J., Hull, E.W., Barth, R.F., Shapiro, S.R., O’Connor, J.F.: Hepatoblastoma in infant sisters. Cancer24:1086, 1969

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Napoli, V., Campbell, W., Jr.: Hepatoblastoma in infant sister and brother. Cancer39:2647, 1977

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Hung, W., Blizzard, R.M., Migeon, C.J., Camacho, A.M., Nyhan, W.L.: Precocious puberty in a boy with hepatoma and circulating gonadotropin. J. Pediatr.63:895, 1963

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Root, A.W., Bongiovanni, A.M., Eberlein, W.R.: A testicular-interstitial-cell-stimulating gonadotropin in a child with hepatoblastoma and sexual precocity. J. Clin. Endocrinol.28:1317, 1968

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Helson, L., Peterson, R.H.F., Schwartz, M.K.: Cystathionine excess in children with hepatic cancer. Cancer Res.33:1570, 1973

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Berry, C.L., Keeling, J., Hilton, C.: Coincidence of congenital malformation and embryonic tumors in childhood. Arch. Dis. Child.45:229, 1970

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Cameron, H., Warwick, G.: Primary cancer of the liver in Kenyan children. Br. J. Cancer36:793, 1977

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Roth, D., Duncan, P.A.: Primary carcinoma of the liver after giant-cell hepatitis of infancy. Cancer8:986, 1955

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Okuyama, K.: Primary liver cell carcinoma associated with biliary cirrhosis due to congenital bile duct atresia. J. Pediatr.67:89, 1965

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Mason, H.H., Andersen, D.H.: Glycogen disease of the liver with hepatomata. Pediatrics16:785, 1955

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Zangeneh, F., Limbeck, G.A., Brown, B.I., Emch, J.R., Arcasoy, M.M., Goldenberg, V.E., Kelley, V.C.: Hepatorenal glycogenosis (type I glycogenosis) and carcinoma of the liver. J. Pediatr.74:73, 1969

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Edmonds, A.M., Henniger, G.R., Crooks, R.: Galactosemia. Report of a case with autopsy. Pediatrics10:40, 1952

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Gents, J., Heinrich, J., Lindblad, B., Linstedt, S., Zetterstrom, R.: Enzymatic studies in a case of hereditary tyrosinemia with hepatoma. Acta Paediatr. Scand.58:393, 1969

    Google Scholar 

  26. Bernstein, M.S., Hunter, R.L., Yachnin, S.: Hepatoma and peliosis hepatis developing in a patient with Fanconi’s anemia. N. Engl. J. Med.284:1135, 1971

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Meadow, A.T., Naiman, J.L., Valdes-Dapena, M.: Hepatoma associated with androgen therapy for aplastic anemia. J. Pediatr.84:109, 1974

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Keeling, J.W.: Liver tumors in infancy and childhood. J. Pathol.103:69, 1971

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Davis, G.L., Kissane, J.M., Ishak, K.G.: Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (sarcoma botryoids) of the biliary tree. Cancer24:333, 1969

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Soper, R.T., Dunphy, D.L.: Sarcoma botryides of the biliary tree. Surgery63:1005, 1968

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Stanley, R.J., Dehner, L.P., Hesker, A.E.: Primary malignant mesenchymal tumor (mesenchymoma) of the liver in childhood. An angiographic-pathologic study of three cases. Cancer32:973, 1973

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Ikeda, K., Suita, S., Nakagawara, A., Takabayashi, K.: Preoperative chemotherapy for initially unresectable hepatoblastoma in children. Arch. Surg.114:203, 1979

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Shermeta, D., Golladay, E., White, R., Jr.: Preoperative occlusion of the hepatic artery with isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate for resection of the “unresectable” hepatic tumor. Surgery83:319, 1978

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Exelby, P.R., Filler, R.M., Grosfeld, J.L.: Liver tumors in children in particular reference to hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. For the American Academy of Pediatrics Surgical Section Survey, 1974. J. Pediatr. Surg.10:329, 1975

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Quattlebaum, J.K., Quattlebaum, J.K., Jr.: Technique of hepatic lobectomy. Ann. Surg.149:648, 1959

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Filler, R.M., Tefft, M., Vawter, G.F., Maddock, C., Mitus, A: Hepatic lobectomy in childhood. Effects of x-ray and chemotherapy. J. Pediatr. Surg.4:31, 1969

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Supported in part by National Institute Grant Number 03888.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Randolph, J., Chandra, R. & Leiken, S. Malignant liver tumors in infants and children. World J. Surg. 4, 71–81 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02393100

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02393100

Keywords

Navigation