Abstract
Particulate matter was collected in the Bering Sea and the northern North Pacific Ocean during the cruise of R. V. Hakuho-maru, Ocean Research Institute of Tokyo University in summer of 1975. The particulate matter was analyzed for organic carbon and nitrogen, chlorophylla and amino acids.
The concentrations of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen were measured with the range of 16–422ΜgC l−1 and 1–85ΜgN l−1, 19–186ΜgC l−1 and 1–26ΜgN l−1, 46–1,038ΜgC l−1 and 6–79ΜgN l−1 and 19–246ΜgC l−1 and 2–25ΜgN l−1 in the Oyashio, the Deep Bering Sea, the continental shelf of Bering Sea and the northern North Pacific, respectively. Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen decreased with depth throughout the areas. The average concentrations of organic carbon and nitrogen in the entire water column tended to decrease in the following order; the continental shelf > Oyashio > northern North Pacific > Deep Bering Sea.
C/N of particulate matter varied in the range of 3–15 (7 on average) in surface waters throughout the areas and these values tended to increase with depth to 5–20 (11 on average) in deep waters without significant regional variability.
Linear regressions between chlorophylla and particulate organic carbon in the euphotic layers indicate that detrital organic carbon accounted for 34.2, 44.9, 49.1 and 25.2 % of particulate organic carbon in the Oyashio, the Deep Bering Sea, the continental shelf and the northern North Pacific, respectively.
Particulate amino acid was determined in the range of 10.3–78.0Μg l−1, 104–156Μg l−1 and 10.4–96.4Μg l−1 in the Deep Bering Sea, the continental shelf and the northern North Pacific, respectively. Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine and alanine were found as dominant species of amino acid of particulate matter.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Banoub, M. W. andP. J. Williams (1972): Measurements of microbial activity and organic material in the western Mediterranean Sea. Deep-Sea Res.,19, 433–443.
Bogdanov, Yu. A. andM. G. Shaposhnikova (1971): Content of suspended organic matter in the tropical Pacific. Oceanology,11, 563–567.
Chester, R. andJ. H. Stoner (1974): The distribution of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen in some surface waters of the world ocean. Mar. Chem.,2, 263–275.
Clark, M. E., G. A. Jackson andW. J. North (1972): Dissolved free amino acids in southern California coastal waters. Limnol. Oceanogr.,17, 749–758.
Cowey, C. B. andE. D. S. Corner (1963 a): Amino acids and some other nitrogenous compounds inCalanus finmarchicus. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc., U.K.,43, 485–493.
Cowey, C. B. andE. D. S. Corner (1963 b): On the nutrition and metabolism on zooplankton. II. The relationship between the marine copepodCalanus helgolandicus and particulate material in Plymouth sea water, term of amino acid composition. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc., U.K.,43, 495–511.
Cowey, C. B. andE. D. S. Corner (1966): The amino acid composition of certain unicellular algae, and of the fecal pellets produced byCalanus finmarchicus when feeding on them.In, Some Comtemporary Studies in Marine Science, ed. byH. Barnes, G. Allen and Unwin Ltd., London, pp. 225–231.
Dal Pont, G. andB. Newell (1963): Suspended organic matter in the Tasman Sea. Austral. J. Mar. freshwater Res.,14, 155–163.
Daumas, R. A. (1976): Variations of particulate protein and dissolved amino acids in coastal sea-water. Mar. Chem.,4, 225–242.
Degens, E. T., J. H. Reuter andK. N. Shaw (1964): Biochemical compounds in off shore sediments and sea water. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta,28, 45–66.
Degens, E.T. (1970): Molecular nature of nitrogenous compounds in seawater and recent marine sediments.In, Organic Matter in Natural Waters, ed. by D. W.Hood, Univ. Alaska, pp. 77–106.
Dodimead, R. J. andG. L. Pichard (1967): Annual changes in the oceanic coastal waters of the eastern subarctic Pacific. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada,24, 2207–2227.
Duursma, E. K. (1960): Dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the sea. Netherl. J. Sea Res.,1, 1–148.
Favorite, F. (1974): Flow into the Bering Sea through Aleutian Island passes.In, Oceanography of the Bering Sea with Emphasis on Renewable Resources, ed. byD. W. Hood andE. J. Kelley, Vail-Ballou Press, USA, pp. 3–37.
Fowden, L. (1954): A comparison of the composition of some algal protein. Ann. Bot.,18, 257–266.
Gordon, D. C. (1970): Some studies on the distribution and composition of particulate organic carbon in the North Altantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res.,17, 233–243.
Gordon, D. C. (1971): Distribution of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen at an oceanic station in the Central Pacific. Deep-Sea Res.,18, 1127–1134.
Gordon, D. C. (1977): Variability of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen along the Halifax-Bermuda Section. Deep-Sea Res.,24, 257–270.
Handa, N. andH. Tominaga (1969): A detailed analysis of carbohydrates in marine particulate matter. Mar. Biol.,2, 228–235.
Handa, N. andK. Yanagi (1969): Studies on water-extractable carbohydrates of the particulate matter from the northwest Pacific Ocean. Mar. Biol.,4, 197–210.
Handa, N. (1970): Dissolved and particulate carbohydrates.In, Organic Matter in Natural Waters, ed. by D. W.Hood, Univ. Alaska, pp. 129–152.
Handa, N. and Y.Saijo (1970): Composition of organic matter in subsurface chlorophyll maxima. Proc. 2nd CSK Symp., Tokyo, pp. 177–183.
Handa, N., K. Yanagi andK. Matsunaga (1972): Distribution of detrital materials in the western Pacific Ocean and their biochemical nature. Mem. Ist. Ital. Idrobiol.,29, Suppl., 53–71.
Hobson, L. A. (1967): The seasonal and vertical distribution of suspended particulate matter in an area of the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr.,12, 642–649.
Hobson, L. A. andD. W. Menzel (1969): The distribution and chemical composition of organic particulate matter in the sea and sediments off the east coast of South America. Limnol. Oceanogr.,14, 159–163.
Holm-Hansen, O., J. E. H. Strickland andP. M. Williams (1966): A detailed analysis of biologically important substances in a profile off southern California. Limnol. Oceanogr.,11, 548–561.
Holm-Hansen, O. (1969): Determination of microbial biomass in ocean profiles. Limnol. Oceanogr.14, 740–747.
Hood, D. W. andE. J. Kelley (1974): Oceanography of the Bering Sea with Emphasis on Renewable Resources. Vail-Ballou Press, USA, 623pp.
Ishimaru, I. and T.Nemoto (1977): Preliminary report of the Hakuho-maru Cruise KH-75-4. Ocean Research Institute, Univ. Tokyo, 87pp.
Kinney, P. J., T. C. Loder andJ. Groves (1971): Particulate and dissolved organic matter in the Amerasian basin of the Arctic Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr.,16, 132–137.
Loder, T. C. (1971): Distribution of dissolved and particulate organic carbon in Alaskan polar, subpolar and estuarine waters. Ph. D. Theses, Univ. Alaska, Fairbanks, 236 pp.
Menzel, D. W. andJ. H. Ryther (1964): The composition of particulate organic matter in the Western North Atlantic. Limnol. Oceanogr.,9, 179–186.
Menzel, D. W. (1966): Bubbling of sea water and the production of organic particles: A re-evaluation. Deep-Sea Res.,13, 963–966.
Menzel, D. W. andJ. J. Goering (1966): The distribution of organic detritus in the ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr.,11, 333–337.
Menzel, D. W. (1967): Particulate organic carbon in the deep sea. Deep-Sea Res.,14, 229–238.
Nakajima, K. (1969): Suspended particulate matter in the water on both sides of the Aleutian ridge. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan,25, 239–248.
Newell, B. S. andJ. D. Kerr (1968): Suspended organic matter in the south-eastern Indian Ocean. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res.,19, 129–138.
Ohtani, K. (1970): Relative transport in the Alaskan Stream in winter. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan,26, 271–281.
Ohtani, K., Y. Akiba andY. Takenouti(1972): Formation of western subarctic water in the Bering Sea.In, Biological Oceanography of the Northern North Pacific Ocean (Motoda commemorative volume), ed. byA. Y. Takenouti, Idemitsu-shoten, Tokyo, pp. 31–44.
Otobe, H., T. Nakai andA. Hattori (1977): Underwater irradiance and secchi disk depth in the Bering Sea and the northern North Pacific in summer. Mar. Sci. Comm.3, 255–270.
Parsons, T. R., K. Stephens andJ. D. H. Strickland (1961): On the chemical composition of eleven species of marine phytoplankters. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can.,18, 1001–1016.
Parsons, T. R. andJ. D. H. Strickland (1961): On the production of particulate organic carbon by heterotrophic processes in sea water. DeepSea Res.,8, 211–222.
Riley, G. A., D. Von Hemert andP. J. Wangersky (1965): Organic aggregates in surface and deep waters of the Sargasso Sea. Limnol. Oceanogr.,10, 354–363.
Riley, J. P. andR. Chester (1971): Introduction of Marine Chemistry. Academic Press, London, 465pp.
Rittenberg, S. C., K. O. Emery, J. Hulsemann, E. T. Degens, R. C. Fay, J. H. Reuter, J. R. Grady, S. H. Richardson andE. E. Bray (1963): Biogeochemistry of sediments in experimental Mohole. J. Sed. Petr.,33, 140–172.
School, D. W., E. C. Edwin, D. Buffington andD. M. Hopkins (1968): Geological history of the continental margin of North American in the Bering Sea. Marine Geol.,6, 297–330.
Shore, G. G. (1966): Bering Sea.In, The Encyclopedia of Oceanography, ed. byR. W. Fairbridge, Reinhold Publ. Co., N. Y., pp. 134–141.
Siegel, A. andE. T. Degens (1966): Concentration of dissolved amino acids from saline waters by ligand-exchange chromatography. Science,151, 1098–1101.
Starikova, N. D. andR. I. Korshikova (1969): Amino acids in the Black Sea. Oceanology,9, 509–518.
Strickland, J. D. H. (1965): Production of organic matter in the primary stages of the marine food chain.In, Chemical Oceanography, ed. byJ. P. Riley andG. Skirrow, Academic Press, London,1, pp. 477–610.
Takenouti, Y. andK. Ohtani (1974): Currents and water masses in the Bering Sea. A review of Japanese work.In, Oceanography of the Bering Sea with Emphasis on Renewable Resources. ed. byD. W. Hood andE. J. Kelley, Vail-Ballou Press, USA, pp. 39–57.
Taniguchi, A. (1972): Geographical variation of primary production in the western Pacific Ocean and adjacent seas with reference to the interrelations between various parameters of primary production. Mem. Fac. Fish., Hokkaido Univ.,19, 1–33.
Taniguchi, A. andT. Kawamura (1972): Primary production in the Oyashio region with special reference to the subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer.In, Biological Oceanography of the Northern North Pacific Ocean (Motoda commemorative volume), ed. byA. Y. Takenouti, Idemitsu-shoten, Tokyo, pp. 231–244.
Udenfriend, S., S. Stein, E. Dairman, W. Leimgruber andM. Wigele (1972): Fluorescamine. A reagent for assay of amino acids, peptide, protein and primary amines in the picomole range. Science,178, 871–872.
Williams, P. M. (1967): Sea surface chemistry: Organic carbon and organic and inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in surface films and subsurface waters. Deep-Sea Res.,14, 791–800.
Yanagi, K. andHanda, N. (1970): Some examinations on determining methods of chlorophylla in marine particulate matter. Bull. Plankton Soc. Japan,17, 31–41.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tanoue, E., Handa, N. Distribution of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen in the Bering Sea and northern North Pacific Ocean. Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Japan 35, 47–62 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02108282
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02108282