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Sind Zugmuster und Rastplatzansiedlung des Alpenstrandläufers (Calidris alpina alpina) abhängig vom Alter?

Are there age dependent differences in migration patterns and choice of resting sites in DunlinCalidris alpina alpina?

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Zusammenfassung

AlpenstrandläuferCalidris alpina alpina sind die häufigsten Watvögel im Wattenmeer. Sie nutzen dieses Gebiet u. a. für die Fettakkumulation vor dem Heimzug in die arktischen Brutgebiete und für die Mauser im Spätsommer. Im Wattenmeer besteht eine sehr starke Bindung an das jeweilige Rastgebiet, welches über viele Jahre und sowohl in der Heim- wie in der Wegzugperiode aufgesucht wird. In britischen Ästuaren, dem Hauptüberwinterungsgebiet, besteht ebenfalls eine starke Rastplatztreue. Altvögel nutzen also wahrscheinlich nur wenige Gebiete und kennen sich in diesen sehr gut aus. Im Gegensatz zu ihnen stoppen Jungvögel auf ihrem ersten Wegzug an mehr Orten und verweilen dort länger. Sie werden dabei auch in Gebieten beobachtet, in denen Altvögel kaum auftreten. Die Ergebnisse von Fängen und Zählungen im Wattenmeer liefern Hinweise, daß Konkurrenz durch Altvögel die Möglichkeit der Jungvogelansiedlung beeinflußt. Zur Erklärung dieser Befunde wird eine Hypothese über den vermuteten Ablauf des Zuges junger und alter Alpenstrandläufer vorgestellt: Jungvögel haben vor ihrem ersten Wegzug nur eine grobe Vorstellung über Richtung und Lage der Rast- und Über-winterungsgebiete. Sie finden diese nach der Methode „Versuch und Irrtum” und suchen nur die brauchbaren Gebiete in den folgenden Jahren erneut auf. Jungvögel sollten also neu entstehende Gebiete schnell entdecken und auffüllen können. In Gebieten, die an Qualität verlieren, sollten die Bestände dagegen trotz der Ortsbindung der Altvögel abnehmen. Die Hypothese könnte auch zur Erklärung von Befunden beitragen, wegen denen bislang die Anwesenheit unterscheidbarer Teilpopulationen vermutet wird.

Summary

The DunlinCalidris alpina alpina is the most numerous wader species in the whole Wadden Sea. It uses the area mainly for fattening in spring and for moulting in late summer. In the Wadden Sea a very strong site fidelity in adults was found. The same is true in the British estuaries, which are the main winter quarters. This allows the adults to develop a good knowledge of local conditions in the comparatively few areas used. In contrast to the adults, juveniles on autumn migration stop at more places and stay longer at each. They also use sites where only a very few adults are seen. Results of catching and counting in the Wadden Sea suggest that competition between adults and juveniles influences the dispersion of juveniles. To explain these phenomena, a hypothesis on migration patterns is presented. It is suggested that juveniles start their first autumn migration by taking only a rough general direction without aiming to reach particular resting sites. They probably find these by trial and error, visiting only the suitable sites again in the following years. Therefore juvenile Dunlins should discover newly arisen sites very quickly and may even fill them up. They should not stay at those sites which decrease in quality, so these sites will loose numbers in spite of the high site fidelity of adults. The hypothesis could also help to explain results which are so far assumed to be caused by the occurrence of different subpopulations.

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  1. WWF-Wattenmeerstelle, Norderstraße 22, 2250, Husum

    Hans-Ulrich Rösner

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Rösner, HU. Sind Zugmuster und Rastplatzansiedlung des Alpenstrandläufers (Calidris alpina alpina) abhängig vom Alter?. J Ornithol 131, 121–139 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01647133

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