Abstract
The methodology of defining safety of constructions in fire has not yet been sufficiently verified and agreed upon. This paper includes calculation results for steel beams, which prove that the ultimate load-bearing capacity predicted by plastic design theory, which is valid in engineering calculations, is not sufficient for determining the critical temperature. The reason is that this temperature tends to be limited in some cases by large deflections of beams in fire.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
“General Principles on Reliability for Structures,” International Standard ISO 2394-1986/E/, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 1986.
European Recommendations for the Fire Safety of Steel Structures. Calculation of the Fire Resistance of Load-bearing Elements and Structural Assemblies Exposed to the Standard Fire, ECCS-Technical Committee 3, European Convention for Constructional Steelwork, Amsterdam, Oxford, New York, 1983.
La Résistance au feu des Parties de Construction Métallique. Méthode de Calcul Pour la Classification, Documentation SIA 82, Centre Suisse de la Construction Métallique et Societé Suisse des Ingénieurs et des Architectes, Zurich, 1985.
“Fire-resistance Tests—Elements of Building Construction,” International Standard ISO 834, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 1975.
“Test Methods and Criteria for the Fire Resistance of Elements of Building Construction,” British Standard BS 476 Part 8, British Standards Institution, London, 1972.
“Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials, ANSI/ASTM E119-83, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 1983.
“Standard Methods of Fire Endurance Tests of Building Construction and Materials,” CAN4-S101-M82, Underwriters' Laboratories of Canada, Scarborough, Ontario, 1982.
Drysdale D., “An Introduction to Fire Dynamics,” John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Chichester-New York-Brisbane-Toronto-Singapore, 1986.
Ryan I.V., Robertson A.F., “Proposed Criteria for Defining Load Failure of Beams, Floors and Roof Constructions During Fire Tests, Journal of Research, National Bureau of Standards,63C, 1959.
Bono J.A., “New Criteria for Fire Endurance Tests,” Fire Test Performance, American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM STP 464, 1970.
Krokosky, E.M., “Modeling Thermal Fire Resistance,”Building Science,6, 1971.
Barthelemy B., “Étude de l'échauffement des profilés en acier,” Détermination de la conductivité thermique conventionnelle des produits de protection contre l'incendie, Construction Métallique, No. 3, 1976.
Harmathy T.Z., “Creep Deflection of Metal Beams in Transient Heating Processes, with Particular Reference to Fire,”Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,3, 1976.
Thor J., “Deformations and Critical Loads of Steel Beams Under Fire Exposure Conditions,” Doc. D16:1973, National Swedish Building Research, Stockholm, 1973.
Skowronski W., “A Study of the Steel Beam Deformation During Fire,”Building and Environment, 23, 1988.
Harmathy, T.Z., Stanzak W. W., “Elevated-temperature Tensile and Creep Properties of Some Structural and Prestressing Steels,”Fire Test Performance, American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM STP 464, 1970.
Skinner, D.H.J., “Determination of high temperature properties of steel,” BHP technical bulletin,16, 1972.
RILEM44-PTH, "Properties of Materials at High Temperatures," Anderberg Y., Behavior of Steel at High Temperatures, Division of Building Fire Safety and Technology, Lund, Sweden, Report LUTVDG/TVBB—3008, 1983.
Harmathy T.Z., A Comprehensive Creep Model, J. Basic Eng., Trans. American Society of Mechanical Engineers,89, 1967.
Kruppa, J., Calcul des temperatures critiques des structures en acier, Construction Metallique, No. 3, 1976.
Witteveen, J., Twilt, L., Bijlaard F.S.K., "The Instability of Braced and Unbraced Frames at Elevated Temperatures," Proceedings, Symposium on Stability of Steel Structures, ECCS, Liege, Belgium, 1977.
Barthelemy B., Kruppa J., Resistance au feu des structures. Beton-acierbois, Editions Eyrolles, Paris, 1978.
Hirota M., Shinoda K., Nakamura K., Kawagoe K., "Experimental Study on Structural Behavior of Steel Frames in Building Fire, Fire Science and Technology, Vol. 4, 1984.
Ooyanagi, N., Hirota, M., Nakamura K., Kawagoe K., Experimental Study on Thermal Stress within Steel-Frames,"Fire Science and Technology,3, 1983.
Jeanes D.C., "Computer Modeling the Fire Endurance of Floor Systems in Steel-framed buildings," Fire Safety: Science and Engineering, American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM STP 882, 1985.
McCullough G.H., "An Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Creep in Bending," Trans.ASTM J. Appl. Mechanics,55, 1933.
Tapsell H.J., Johnson A.E., "An Investigation of the Nature of Creep under Stresses Produced by Pure Flexure,"Journal Inst. Metals,57, 1935.
Pettersson O., Magnusson S., Thor J., "Fire Engineering Design of Steel Structures," Swedish Institute of Steel Construction, Publication 50, Stockholm, Sweden, 1976.
Dorn, J.E., "Some Fundamental Experiments on High Temperature Creep," Symposium on Creep and Fracture of Metals at High Temperatures," Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, England, 1956,Journal of Mechanics and Physics of Solids,3, 1954.
Skowronski W., "Material Characteristics in the Analysis of Heated Steel Beams, Fire and Materials," to be published, 1990.
Lie T.T., "Fire and Buildings," Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., London, 1972.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Skowronski, W. Load capacity and deflection of fire-resistant steel beams. Fire Technol 26, 310–328 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01293076
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01293076