Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Electrical properties of polycrystalline PTCR barium titanate

  • Papers
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Semiconducting n-type barium titanate with a positive temperature coefficient of resistance (PTCR) has been made by doping BaTiO3 with 0.4 mol% Ho2O3. The d.c. resistivity, a.c. resistivity (1.2 kHz) and relative permittivity (1.2 kHz) at different temperatures between room temperature and 523 K have been measured. The high relative permittivity and the PTCR effect are attributed to the existence of potential barriers at the grain boundaries as proposed by Heywang. The height of the potential barrier has been calculated as a function of temperature on the basis of the Heywang model, using the measured resistivity versus temperature and relative permittivity versus temperature above the Curie temperature. Several different kinds of electrode have been used to study the effect of the contact on measurements of resistivity and relative permittivity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

We’re sorry, something doesn't seem to be working properly.

Please try refreshing the page. If that doesn't work, please contact support so we can address the problem.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. O. Saburi,J. Phys. Soc. Jpn 14 (1959) 1159.

    Google Scholar 

  2. W. T. Peria, W. R. Bratschun andR. D. Fenity,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 44 (1961) 249.

    Google Scholar 

  3. W. Heywang,Solid State Electron. 3 (1961) 51.

    Google Scholar 

  4. O. Saburi,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 44 (1961) 54.

    Google Scholar 

  5. V. J. Tennery andR. L. Cook,ibid. 44 (1961) 188.

    Google Scholar 

  6. G. Goodman,ibid. 46 (1963) 48.

    Google Scholar 

  7. P. K. Gallagher, F. Schrey andF. V. Di Marcello,ibid. 46 (1963) 369.

    Google Scholar 

  8. G. H. Jonker,Solid State Electron. 7 (1964) 895.

    Google Scholar 

  9. W. Heywang,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 47 (1964) 484.

    Google Scholar 

  10. J. B. Macchesney andJ. F. Potter,ibid. 48 (1965) 81.

    Google Scholar 

  11. G. T. Mallic andP. R. Emtage,J. Appl. Phys. 39 (1968) 3088.

    Google Scholar 

  12. B. M. Kulwicki andA. J. Purdes,Ferroelectrics 1 (1970) 253.

    Google Scholar 

  13. C. A. Miller,J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 4 (1971) 696.

    Google Scholar 

  14. P. Gerthsen andB. Hoffmann,Solid State Electron. 16 (1973) 617.

    Google Scholar 

  15. J. Daniels andR. Wernicke,Philips Res. Repts 31 (1976) 544.

    Google Scholar 

  16. H. Ihrig andW. Puschert,J. Appl. Phys. 48 (1977) 3081.

    Google Scholar 

  17. R. Wernicke,Phys. Status Solidi (a) 47 (1978) 139.

    Google Scholar 

  18. M. Nemoto andI. Oda,J. Amer Ceram. Soc. 63 (1980) 398.

    Google Scholar 

  19. D. C. Sinclair andA. R. West,J. Appl. Phys. 66 (1989) 3850.

    Google Scholar 

  20. G. H. Jonker, in “Advances in Ceramics”, Vol. 1, edited by L. M. Levinson (American Ceramic Society, Columbus, Ohio, 1981) p. 155.

    Google Scholar 

  21. M. Kuwabara,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 64 (1981) 639.

    Google Scholar 

  22. M. B. Holmes, V. A. McCrohan andW. Y. Howng,Adv. Ceram. 7 (1983) 146.

    Google Scholar 

  23. K. H. Yoon, K. Y. Oh andS. O. Yoon,Mater. Res. Bull. 21 (1986) 1429.

    Google Scholar 

  24. H. M. Al Allak, G. M. Russell andJ. Woods,J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 20 (1987) 1645.

    Google Scholar 

  25. B. S. Chiou,J. Mater. Sci. 22 (1987) 3893.

    Google Scholar 

  26. H. F. Cheng,J. Appl. Phys. 66 (1989) 1382.

    Google Scholar 

  27. S. K. Sundaram,J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 23 (1990) 103.

    Google Scholar 

  28. I. Ueda andS. Ikegami,J. Phys. Soc. Jpn 20 (1965) 546.

    Google Scholar 

  29. M. Kuwabara,Adv. Ceram. 7 (1983) 137.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Idem, Solid State Electron 27 (1984) 929.

    Google Scholar 

  31. W. Heywang andW. Wersing,Ferroelectrics 7 (1974) 361.

    Google Scholar 

  32. H. Ueoka,ibid. 7 (1974) 351.

    Google Scholar 

  33. H. Ihrig,Phys. Status Solidi (a) 47 (1978) 437.

    Google Scholar 

  34. S. Shirasaki, H. Haneda, K. Arai andM. Fujimoto,J. Mater. Sci. 22 (1987) 4439.

    Google Scholar 

  35. H. M. Al-Allak, J. Illingsworth, A. W. Brinkman, G. J. Russell andJ. Woods,J. Appl. Phys. 64 (1988) 6477.

    Google Scholar 

  36. H. M. Al-Allak, J. Illingsworth, A. W. Brinkman andJ. Woods,J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 22 (1989) 1920.

    Google Scholar 

  37. T. F. Lin andC. T. Hu,J. Mater. Sci. 25 (1990) 3029.

    Google Scholar 

  38. J. Illingsworth, H. M. Al-Allak, A. W. Brinkman andJ. Woods,J. Appl. Phys. 67 (1990) 2088.

    Google Scholar 

  39. H. M. Landis,ibid. 36 (1965) 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  40. H. S. Maiti andR. N. Basu,Mater. Res. Bull. 21 (1986) 1107.

    Google Scholar 

  41. S. O. Yoon, M. J. Jung andK. H. Yoon,Solid State Commun. 64 (1987) 617.

    Google Scholar 

  42. K. H. Yoon, H. S. Park, S. O. Yoon andM. I. Song,J. Korean Ceram. Soc. 26 (1989) 73.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Idem, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 8 (1989) 1442.

    Google Scholar 

  44. A. Amin,Ferroelectrics 87 (1988) 41.

    Google Scholar 

  45. L. A. Xue, Y. Chen andR. J. Brook,J. Mater. Sci. 7 (1988) 1163.

    Google Scholar 

  46. M. A. A. Issa, N. M. Molokhia andS. A. Nasser,J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 17 (1984) 571.

    Google Scholar 

  47. N. M. Molokhia, M. A. A. Issa andS. A. Nasser,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 67 (1984) 289.

    Google Scholar 

  48. C. G. Koops,Phys. Rev. 83 (1951) 121.

    Google Scholar 

  49. R. Flores-Ramirez, A. Huanosta, E. Amano, R. Valenzuela andA. R. West,Ferroelectrics 99 (1989) 195.

    Google Scholar 

  50. G. Rupprecht andR. O. Bell,Phys. Rev. 135 (1964) A748.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Study Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    M. A. A. Issa

Authors
  1. M. A. A. Issa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Issa, M.A.A. Electrical properties of polycrystalline PTCR barium titanate. J Mater Sci 27, 3685–3692 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01151851

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01151851

Keywords

Search

Navigation