Abstract
Atlantic salmon are severely affected by acidification in Norway. Water quality criteria for the salmon have to be based on the most sensitive stage, the smolt stage. The sensitivity to acidic water increases enormously during smolting, the seawater tolerance being especially vulnerable. Even moderately acidic water (pH about 6) with low inorganic monomeric aluminium (LA1) concentrations (<20μg. L−1) and short-term episodes may be harmful. Mixing zones in limed or unlimed rivers may also represent a problem for seaward migrating smolts. In limed salmon rivers, the national liming goal has been increased to pH 6.5 during smolting (1 February to 1 July) and to 6.2 the rest of the year as a result of our experiments. In contrast to what has been found for brown trout, salmon strains originating from watercources undergoing acidification were not more tolerant than those from non-acidic watercourses. At the moment no such “tolerant” strains are available for restocking limed rivers in Norway.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dalziel, T.R.K., Kroglund, F., Lien, L. and Rosseland, B.O.: 1995, Water Air, and Soil Pollution, this volume.
Farmer, G.J., Saunders, R.L., Goff, T.R., Johnston, C.E. and Henderson, E.B.: 1989, Aquaculture 82, 229.
Henriksen, A., Skogheim, O.K. and Rosseland, B.O.: 1984, Vatten 40, 225.
Kroglund, F. and Staurnes, M., Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., in press.
Kroglund, F., Hesthagen, T., Hindar, A. G., Raddum, G., Staurnes, M., Gausen, D. and Sandøy, S.: 1994, Utredning for DN nr. 1994-10, 98 pp. (In Norwegian).
Kroglund, F., Rosseland, B.O., Staurnes, M., Kvellestad, A. and Hindar, K.: 1995, Acid Reign 95? Conf., Gothenburg, 26–30 June 95 (in conf. Abs.)
Kroglund, F., Åtland, Å., Berntssen, M. and Rosseland, B.O.: 1993, NIVA rapport 2947, 38 pp. (In Norwegian).
Kvellestad, A., Kroglund, F., Staurnes, M., Larsen, B.M. and Stølen, S.: 1995, Acid Reign 95? Conf., Gothenburg, 26–30 June 95 (in conf. Abs.)
Rosseland, B.O. and Skogheim, O.K.: 1984, Rep. Inst. Freshwater Res. Drottningholm 61, 186.
Rosseland, B.O. and Staurnes, M.: 1994, in C.E.W. Steinberg and R.F. Wright (eds.), Acidification of freshwater ecosystems: implications for the future, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., p. 227.
Rosseland, B.O., Blakar, L., Bulger, A., Kroglund, F., Kvellestad, A., Lydersen, E., Oughton, D.H., Salbu, B., Staurnes, M. and Vogt, R.: 1992, Environ. Pollution 78, 3.
Staurnes, M., Blix, P. and Reite, O.B.: 1993a, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50, 1816.
Staurnes, M., Lysfjord, G., Hansen, L.P. and Heggberget, T.G.: 1993b, Aquaculture 118, 327.
Staurnes, M., Hansen, L.P., Fugelli, K. and Haraldstad, Ø.: 1995, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., in press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Staurnes, M., Kroglund, F. & Rosseland, B.O. Water quality requirement of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in water undergoing acidification or liming in Norway. Water Air Soil Pollut 85, 347–352 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00476853
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00476853