Summary
Ringed seals, Phoca hispida, born in exposed situations are killed by glaucous gulls, Larus hyperboreus. The small size of ringed seals adapted to giving birth in snow shelters makes them especially vulnerable to avian predators when born outside the lair. This might be one of the important factors in limiting the southern range of breeding in this seal species.
References
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Lydersen, C., Smith, T.G. Avian predation on ringed seal Phoca hispida pups. Polar Biol 9, 489–490 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00261031
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00261031