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Application of Enzymes in Bioremediation of Contaminated Hydrosphere and Soil Environment

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Bioprospecting of Enzymes in Industry, Healthcare and Sustainable Environment

Abstract

Due to the ever-increasing global population, industrial sector is growing at a rapid rate which is leading to increase in discharge of hazardous and harmful substances in the environment. Enzymes play an important role in the management of environment by detoxifying or transforming harmful substances into useful products. A variety of enzymes have been isolated from bacteria, fungi, and plants having a wider application in degradation and/or transformation of toxic environmental pollutants. They have been used either in isolated or in bound form for the decontamination of water and soil contaminated with organic (pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic biphenyls, etc.) and inorganic (heavy metals and radionuclides) pollutants. Enzymes that belong to oxidoreductase group detoxify the aromatic compounds through polymerization and co-polymerization with other substrates. This group includes oxygenases, microbial laccases, and peroxidases. Apart from the aromatic compounds, heavy metals can also accumulate in the environment that leads to serious health problem because of their lyophilic, persistent, and toxic nature. For example, hexavalent species of chromium is more toxic than its trivalent species. Chromate reductase can convert the Cr6+ to Cr3+ which is more insoluble in water. This chapter presents an overview of application of different enzymes in waste water treatment and remediation of contaminated soil, sludge, and water.

Sanchita Gupta was deceased at the time of publication.

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Acknowledgments

The support by UGC in the form of fellowship to Sanchita Gupta is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Teliyarganj, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sanchita Gupta, Lalit Dangi & Radha Rani

  2. Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea

    Jayanta Kumar Patra

Authors
  1. Sanchita Gupta
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  2. Lalit Dangi
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  3. Jayanta Kumar Patra
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  4. Radha Rani
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Radha Rani .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University, Baripada, Odisha, India

    Hrudayanath Thatoi

  2. Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Sonali Mohapatra

  3. Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Swagat Kumar Das

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Dedication

The authors dedicate this chapter in fond remembrance of Sanchita Gupta, who left fingerprints of grace on our lives.

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Gupta, S., Dangi, L., Patra, J.K., Rani, R. (2021). Application of Enzymes in Bioremediation of Contaminated Hydrosphere and Soil Environment. In: Thatoi, H., Mohapatra, S., Das, S.K. (eds) Bioprospecting of Enzymes in Industry, Healthcare and Sustainable Environment. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4195-1_1

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