Abstract
Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) (also called Thyroid Orbitopathy, Graves Orbitopathy, Thyroid-Related Inflammatory Orbitopathy) is a relatively common condition, yet poorly recognized and frequently mismanaged. Compared to the Western world, there exist several variations in the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Thyroid Orbitopathy in Asians with patient, general physician, and ophthalmologist-related factors. These factors have direct implications on the diagnosis, management, and clinical outcomes. Moreover, the clinical presentation may also be frequently different owing to inherent variation of orbital bony anatomy, soft tissue involvement (extraocular muscles, fat, fibrous connective tissue—intermuscular septum, orbital septum, retaining ligaments, etc.), and tissue response to medical and surgical intervention [1].
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Sundar, G. (2020). Eyelid Conditions in Thyroid Eye Disease in East Asians. In: Rath, S., Naik, M. (eds) Surgery in Thyroid Eye Disease. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9220-8_16
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9220-8_16
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