Abstract
Vascular malformations are extremely challenging lesions. The clinical presentations of these congenital abnormalities are protean and range from asymptomatic birthmarks to life-threatening congestive heart failure and exsanguinating hemorrhage. These abnormalities are rare; most clinicians see only a few in a lifetime of practice. Thus, patients afflicted with these disorders often seek help from many different physicians and undergo repetitive examinations, misdiagnosis, and frequent failed attempts at “definitive” therapy that lead to exacerbation of symptoms, lesion recurrences, and disability.
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Yakes, A.M., Continenza, A.J., Yakes, W.F. (2021). The Yakes AVM Classification System: Cracking the Code for Curative AVM Endovascular Treatment. In: Khanna, A.K., Tiwary, S.K. (eds) Vascular Malformations. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9762-6_21
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