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Kyushu and Okinawa Regions

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The Soils of Japan

Part of the book series: World Soils Book Series ((WSBS))

Abstract

Kyushu is the most southerly island among Japan’s main islands. The landscape of Kyushu has been formed through volcanic activity where volcanic soils (Andosols) are widely distributed in the central and southern part of the island. Okinawa is the southern half of the Nansei Islands, which extends approximately 1200 km from Kyushu to Taiwan. The soils of Okinawa are far different from the soils of Japan’s mainland. The three main soils are Red-Yellow soils, Calcareous Eutrosols, and Terrestrial Regosols, all having low soil fertility. Kyushu has a warm and rainy climate, while Okinawa has a subtropical oceanic climate. However, typhoons and torrential rains are frequent in both regions during summer and autumn, leading damage to fields and crops behind them. Kyushu is the second largest food producer on a monetary basis next to Kanto including diverse sectors such as paddy rice, arable crops, vegetables, and fruits. Okinawa, on the other hand, produces sugarcane, pineapple, tropical fruits, and so on by taking advantage of its subtropical climate. Moreover, large-scale livestock production is active through both regions. Like other regions of the globe, environmental issues related to modern agriculture are challenges, including nitrate contamination of groundwater, greenhouse gas emission, soil erosion, and so on. Beside dominating modern agriculture, traditional agriculture with thought-provoking soil management practices still survives in these regions.

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Author notes

  1. Tomohiro Kondo

    Present address: Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Upland Farming Research, Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Miyakonojo City, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan

    Yusuke Arakawa, Hiroshi Niimi & Takeo Shima

  2. Division of Agro-Environment Research, Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, NARO (Retired), Koshi City, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan

    Takashi Kusaba

  3. Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan

    Hideo Kubotera

  4. Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Agricultural Development Osumi Branch, Kanoya City, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan

    Ichiro Uezono

  5. Sugarcane and Ordinary Crops Section, Okinawa Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Itoman City, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan

    Naoko Miyamaru

  6. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan

    Yuichi Saeki

  7. Division of Lowland Farming Research, Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Chikugo City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan

    Keiko Nakano

  8. Headquarters, NARO, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan

    Nobuhisa Koga

  9. Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Koshi City, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan

    Yoshitaka Hara

  10. Nagasaki Agricultural & Forestry Technical Development Center, Nagasaki Prefectural Government, Isahaya City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan

    Yasunao Yamada & Katsuhiro Inoue

  11. Division of Agro-Environment Research, Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Koshi City, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan

    Hirotaka Ihara

  12. Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Agricultural Development, Minamisatsuma City, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan

    Makoto Nagatomo

  13. Okinawa Agricultural Technology & Development Co., Ltd., Itoman City, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan

    Koichi Yoshida

  14. Division of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Central Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan

    Noriko Yamaguchi

  15. The Kunisaki Peninsula Usa GIAHS Promotion Association, Kunisaki City, Oita Prefecture, Japan

    Hiroaki Hayashi

  16. Faculty of Regional Innovation, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan

    Tomohiro Kondo

  17. Division of Agro-Environmental Research, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Sapporo City, Hokkaido, Japan

    Tsuyoshi Yamane

  18. Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan

    Isao Akagi

  19. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ryukyus, Nishihara Town, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan

    Kazutoshi Kinjo

  20. Kumamoto Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Kumamoto Prefectural Government, Koshi City, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan

    Kojiro Mitsugi

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  1. Yusuke Arakawa
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yusuke Arakawa .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

    Ryusuke Hatano

  2. Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Hitoshi Shinjo

  3. National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

    Yusuke Takata

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Arakawa, Y. et al. (2021). Kyushu and Okinawa Regions. In: Hatano, R., Shinjo, H., Takata, Y. (eds) The Soils of Japan. World Soils Book Series. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8229-5_10

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