Skip to main content

The Myth of the Immobile Rural: The Case of Rural Villages in Iceland

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Dipping in to the North

Abstract

Popular conceptions of rural populations overwhelmingly been “left behind” have important implications for rural and regional policy. Well-intended governmental strategies for regional development are thus argued to discourage rural folks from breaking the bondage of origin and habit and move forward towards urban opportunities and experiences. Results from a national survey of residents in rural towns and villages in Iceland however suggest that 84% of all adults are either in-migrants or locals who have returned to the community. Three out of four locals raised in the community had lived in the city of Reykjavík, elsewhere in Iceland and/or abroad. This chapter presents policy implications for this, discussed by the minister responsible for rural affairs in Iceland and the mayor of a rural municipality.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Asgeirsson, O. (1988). Iðnbylting hugarfarsins: Átök um atvinnuþróun á Íslandi 1900–1940 [The industrial revolution of the mind: Conflict over occupational development in Iceland 1900–1940]. Reykjavík: Bókaútgáfa Menningarsjóðs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aure, M., Førde, A., & Magnussen, T. (2018). Will migrant workers rescue rural regions? Challenges of creating stability through mobility. Journal of Rural Studies, 60, 52–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bjarnason, T. (2012). Hagsmunir íslenskra sjávarbyggða við endurskoðun fiskveiðistjórnunar [The vested interests of Icelandic fishing villages in the revision of fisheries management]. Tímarit um Viðskipti og Efnahagsmál, 9, 3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bjarnason, T. (2014). Adolescent migration intentions and population change: A twenty-year follow-up of Icelandic communities. Sociologia Ruralis, 54, 500–515.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bjarnason, T. (2019). Íslenskar landsbyggðir og byggðafélagsfræði [Icelandic rural communities and rural sociology]. Íslenska þjóðfélagið, 10(3), 30–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bjarnason, T., Johannesdottir, G. B., Gudmundsson, G., Garðarsdottir, O., Thordardottir, S. E., Skaptadóttir, U. D., & Karlsson, V. (2019). Byggðafesta og búferlaflutningar: Bæir og þorp á Íslandi vorið 2019 [Residential stability and mobility: Town and villages in Iceland in spring 2019]. Saudarkrokur: Byggdastofnun. https://www.byggdastofnun.is/static/files/Skyrslur/byggdafesta/byggdafesta_34bls_2019_net.pdf. Accessed 20 Jan 2020.

  • Eimermann, M., & Kordel, S. (2018). International lifestyle migrant entrepreneurs in two new immigration destinations: Understanding their evolving mix of embeddedness. Journal of Rural Studies, 64, 241–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erickson, L. D., Sanders, S. R., & Cope, M. R. (2018). Lifetime stayers in urban, rural, and highly rural communities in Montana. Population, Space and Place, 24(4), e2133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gunnlaugsson, S. B., & Saevaldsson, H. (2016). The Icelandic fishing industry: Its development and financial performance under a uniform individual quota system. Marine Policy, 71, 73–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haartsen, T., & Stockdale, A. (2018). Selective belonging: How rural newcomer families with children become stayers. Population, Space and Place, 24(4), e2137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halfacree, K. (2012). Heterolocal identities? Counter-urbanisation, second homes, and rural consumption in the era of Mobilities. Population, Space and Place, 18, 209–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halfacree, K., & Rivera, M. J. (2012). Moving to the countryside … and staying: Lives beyond representations. Sociologica Ruralis, 52, 92–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, M., & Burrows, R. (2012). Ping pong poms: Emotional reflexivity in return migration from Australia to the UK. Australian Journal of Social Sciences, 47(1), 105–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huijbens, E. (2012). Sustaining a village’s social fabric? Sociologia Ruralis, 52(3), 332–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson, M. (2016). Young women and rural exodus – Swedish experiences. Journal of Rural Studies, 43, 291–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, K. M., & Lichter, D. T. (2019). Rural depopulation: Growth and decline processes over the past century. Rural Sociology, 84(1), 3–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kokorsch, M., & Benediktsson, K. (2018). Prosper or perish? The development of Icelandic fishing villages after the privatisation of fishing rights. Maritime Studies, 17(1), 69–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kordel, S., & Lutsch, S. (2018). Status quo and potential of remigration among Transilvanian Saxons to rural Romania. European Countryside, 10(4), 614–633.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magnusson, S. M. (1993). Efnahagsþróun á Íslandi 1880–1990 [Economic development in Iceland 1880–1990]. In G. Halfdanarson & S. Kristjansson (Eds.), Íslensk þjóðfélagsþróun 1880–1990 [Icelandic social development 1880–1990] (pp. 112–214). Reykjavík: Háskólaútgáfan.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAreavey, R. (2017). New immigration destinations: Migrating to rural and peripheral areas. London/New York: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • McAreavey, R., & Shortall, S. (2019). Non-agricultural seasonal migrant workers in Urban and Rural Scotland. International literature and evidence review. Edinburgh: Scottish Government.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morse, C. E., & Mudgett, J. (2018). Happy to be home: Place-based attachments, family ties, and mobility among rural stayers. The Professional Geographer, 70(2), 261–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morthens, B. (2012). Þorpið [The Village]. Soundtrack at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IcOhgLjZbAs. Accessed 20 Oct 2019.

  • Moskal, M., & Tyrrell, N. (2016). Family migration decision-making, step-migration and separation: Children’s experiences in European migrant worker families. Children’s Geographies, 14(4), 453–467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ni Laoire, C. (2007). The ‘green, green grass of home’? Return migration to rural Ireland. Journal of Rural Studies, 23, 332–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. (2019). Long-term international migration statistics for Northern Ireland (2018). https://www.nisra.gov.uk/sites/nisra.gov.uk/files/publications/Mig1718-Bulletin.pdf. Accessed 20 Oct 2019.

  • Peters, P., Carson, D., Porter, R., Vuin, A., & Carson, D. (2018). My village is dying? Integrating methods from the inside-out. Canadian Review of Sociology, 55(3), 451–475.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rauhut, D., & Littke, H. (2016). A one way ticket to the city, please!’ On young women leaving the Swedish peripheral region Vasternorrland. Journal of Rural Studies, 43, 301–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, L., & Sales, R. (2011). Family migration: The role of children and education in family decision-making strategies of polish migrants in London. International Migration, 51(2), 90–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Statistics Iceland. (2019). Urban Nuclei. https://statice.is/statistics/population/inhabitants/municipalities-and-urban-nuclei/. Accessed 20 Oct 2019.

  • Stockdale, A. (2017). From ‘Trailing Wives’ to the emergence of a ‘Trailing Husbands’ phenomenon: Retirement migration to rural areas. Population, Space and Place, 23(3), e2022.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stockdale, A., & Haartsen, T. (2018). Editorial introduction: Putting rural stayers in the spotlight. Population, Space and Place, 24(4), e2124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, C., Johnson, T., & Hanes, S. (2016). Vulnerability of fishing communities undergoing gentrification. Journal of Rural Studies, 45, 165–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Viðskiptablaðið. (2020, January 29). Óðinn: Flateyri og byggðasjónarmiðin. Viðskiptablaðið. https://www.vb.is/skodun/flateyri-og-byggdasjonarmidin/159683/. Accessed 12 Feb 2020.

  • von Reichert, C., Cromartie, J. B., & Arthun, R. O. (2014). Impacts of return migration on rural US communities. Rural Sociology, 79(2), 200–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiest, K. (2016). Migration and everyday discourses: Peripheralisation in rural Saxony-Anhalt from a gender perspective. Journal of Rural Studies, 43, 280–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study is part of the research project Mobility and Stability in Iceland funded by the Icelandic Regional Development Institute.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Þóroddur Bjarnason .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Bjarnason, Þ. (2020). The Myth of the Immobile Rural: The Case of Rural Villages in Iceland. In: Lundmark, L., Carson, D.B., Eimermann, M. (eds) Dipping in to the North. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6623-3_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6623-3_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-15-6622-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-15-6623-3

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics