Abstract
Popular conceptions of rural populations overwhelmingly been “left behind” have important implications for rural and regional policy. Well-intended governmental strategies for regional development are thus argued to discourage rural folks from breaking the bondage of origin and habit and move forward towards urban opportunities and experiences. Results from a national survey of residents in rural towns and villages in Iceland however suggest that 84% of all adults are either in-migrants or locals who have returned to the community. Three out of four locals raised in the community had lived in the city of Reykjavík, elsewhere in Iceland and/or abroad. This chapter presents policy implications for this, discussed by the minister responsible for rural affairs in Iceland and the mayor of a rural municipality.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Asgeirsson, O. (1988). Iðnbylting hugarfarsins: Átök um atvinnuþróun á Íslandi 1900–1940 [The industrial revolution of the mind: Conflict over occupational development in Iceland 1900–1940]. Reykjavík: Bókaútgáfa Menningarsjóðs.
Aure, M., Førde, A., & Magnussen, T. (2018). Will migrant workers rescue rural regions? Challenges of creating stability through mobility. Journal of Rural Studies, 60, 52–59.
Bjarnason, T. (2012). Hagsmunir íslenskra sjávarbyggða við endurskoðun fiskveiðistjórnunar [The vested interests of Icelandic fishing villages in the revision of fisheries management]. Tímarit um Viðskipti og Efnahagsmál, 9, 3.
Bjarnason, T. (2014). Adolescent migration intentions and population change: A twenty-year follow-up of Icelandic communities. Sociologia Ruralis, 54, 500–515.
Bjarnason, T. (2019). Íslenskar landsbyggðir og byggðafélagsfræði [Icelandic rural communities and rural sociology]. Íslenska þjóðfélagið, 10(3), 30–64.
Bjarnason, T., Johannesdottir, G. B., Gudmundsson, G., Garðarsdottir, O., Thordardottir, S. E., Skaptadóttir, U. D., & Karlsson, V. (2019). Byggðafesta og búferlaflutningar: Bæir og þorp á Íslandi vorið 2019 [Residential stability and mobility: Town and villages in Iceland in spring 2019]. Saudarkrokur: Byggdastofnun. https://www.byggdastofnun.is/static/files/Skyrslur/byggdafesta/byggdafesta_34bls_2019_net.pdf. Accessed 20 Jan 2020.
Eimermann, M., & Kordel, S. (2018). International lifestyle migrant entrepreneurs in two new immigration destinations: Understanding their evolving mix of embeddedness. Journal of Rural Studies, 64, 241–252.
Erickson, L. D., Sanders, S. R., & Cope, M. R. (2018). Lifetime stayers in urban, rural, and highly rural communities in Montana. Population, Space and Place, 24(4), e2133.
Gunnlaugsson, S. B., & Saevaldsson, H. (2016). The Icelandic fishing industry: Its development and financial performance under a uniform individual quota system. Marine Policy, 71, 73–81.
Haartsen, T., & Stockdale, A. (2018). Selective belonging: How rural newcomer families with children become stayers. Population, Space and Place, 24(4), e2137.
Halfacree, K. (2012). Heterolocal identities? Counter-urbanisation, second homes, and rural consumption in the era of Mobilities. Population, Space and Place, 18, 209–224.
Halfacree, K., & Rivera, M. J. (2012). Moving to the countryside … and staying: Lives beyond representations. Sociologica Ruralis, 52, 92–114.
Holmes, M., & Burrows, R. (2012). Ping pong poms: Emotional reflexivity in return migration from Australia to the UK. Australian Journal of Social Sciences, 47(1), 105–123.
Huijbens, E. (2012). Sustaining a village’s social fabric? Sociologia Ruralis, 52(3), 332–352.
Johansson, M. (2016). Young women and rural exodus – Swedish experiences. Journal of Rural Studies, 43, 291–300.
Johnson, K. M., & Lichter, D. T. (2019). Rural depopulation: Growth and decline processes over the past century. Rural Sociology, 84(1), 3–27.
Kokorsch, M., & Benediktsson, K. (2018). Prosper or perish? The development of Icelandic fishing villages after the privatisation of fishing rights. Maritime Studies, 17(1), 69–83.
Kordel, S., & Lutsch, S. (2018). Status quo and potential of remigration among Transilvanian Saxons to rural Romania. European Countryside, 10(4), 614–633.
Magnusson, S. M. (1993). Efnahagsþróun á Íslandi 1880–1990 [Economic development in Iceland 1880–1990]. In G. Halfdanarson & S. Kristjansson (Eds.), Íslensk þjóðfélagsþróun 1880–1990 [Icelandic social development 1880–1990] (pp. 112–214). Reykjavík: Háskólaútgáfan.
McAreavey, R. (2017). New immigration destinations: Migrating to rural and peripheral areas. London/New York: Routledge.
McAreavey, R., & Shortall, S. (2019). Non-agricultural seasonal migrant workers in Urban and Rural Scotland. International literature and evidence review. Edinburgh: Scottish Government.
Morse, C. E., & Mudgett, J. (2018). Happy to be home: Place-based attachments, family ties, and mobility among rural stayers. The Professional Geographer, 70(2), 261–269.
Morthens, B. (2012). Þorpið [The Village]. Soundtrack at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IcOhgLjZbAs. Accessed 20 Oct 2019.
Moskal, M., & Tyrrell, N. (2016). Family migration decision-making, step-migration and separation: Children’s experiences in European migrant worker families. Children’s Geographies, 14(4), 453–467.
Ni Laoire, C. (2007). The ‘green, green grass of home’? Return migration to rural Ireland. Journal of Rural Studies, 23, 332–344.
Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. (2019). Long-term international migration statistics for Northern Ireland (2018). https://www.nisra.gov.uk/sites/nisra.gov.uk/files/publications/Mig1718-Bulletin.pdf. Accessed 20 Oct 2019.
Peters, P., Carson, D., Porter, R., Vuin, A., & Carson, D. (2018). My village is dying? Integrating methods from the inside-out. Canadian Review of Sociology, 55(3), 451–475.
Rauhut, D., & Littke, H. (2016). A one way ticket to the city, please!’ On young women leaving the Swedish peripheral region Vasternorrland. Journal of Rural Studies, 43, 301–310.
Ryan, L., & Sales, R. (2011). Family migration: The role of children and education in family decision-making strategies of polish migrants in London. International Migration, 51(2), 90–102.
Statistics Iceland. (2019). Urban Nuclei. https://statice.is/statistics/population/inhabitants/municipalities-and-urban-nuclei/. Accessed 20 Oct 2019.
Stockdale, A. (2017). From ‘Trailing Wives’ to the emergence of a ‘Trailing Husbands’ phenomenon: Retirement migration to rural areas. Population, Space and Place, 23(3), e2022.
Stockdale, A., & Haartsen, T. (2018). Editorial introduction: Putting rural stayers in the spotlight. Population, Space and Place, 24(4), e2124.
Thompson, C., Johnson, T., & Hanes, S. (2016). Vulnerability of fishing communities undergoing gentrification. Journal of Rural Studies, 45, 165–174.
Viðskiptablaðið. (2020, January 29). Óðinn: Flateyri og byggðasjónarmiðin. Viðskiptablaðið. https://www.vb.is/skodun/flateyri-og-byggdasjonarmidin/159683/. Accessed 12 Feb 2020.
von Reichert, C., Cromartie, J. B., & Arthun, R. O. (2014). Impacts of return migration on rural US communities. Rural Sociology, 79(2), 200–226.
Wiest, K. (2016). Migration and everyday discourses: Peripheralisation in rural Saxony-Anhalt from a gender perspective. Journal of Rural Studies, 43, 280–290.
Acknowledgements
This study is part of the research project Mobility and Stability in Iceland funded by the Icelandic Regional Development Institute.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bjarnason, Þ. (2020). The Myth of the Immobile Rural: The Case of Rural Villages in Iceland. In: Lundmark, L., Carson, D.B., Eimermann, M. (eds) Dipping in to the North. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6623-3_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6623-3_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-6622-6
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-6623-3
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)