Abstract
The Ryukyu Archipelago consists of four island groups, namely the Amami Islands in Kagoshima Prefecture and the Okinawa, Miyako, and Yaeyama Islands in Okinawa Prefecture. The languages that have been traditionally spoken in the Ryukyu archipelago are called the Ryukyuan languages. Based on previous research findings, it is widely known that Ryukyuan diverged from proto-Japanese-Ryukyuan. It is the only language proven to have genealogical relationship with Japanese.
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Notes
- 1.
When the maps of Japan and Europe are overlapped with each other, it you can see Japan is long north to south and has diverse climate and nature. Cape Soya in the northern tip of Hokkaido is Oslo in Norway and Nemuro Peninsula in eastern Hokkaido is Stockholm in Sweden. Yonaguni in Okinawa (westernmost island in Japan) is Gibraltar of southern Spain near Morocco of the African continent. Japan is a long island nation consisting of islands of various sizes spread out over a wide climate range from the subarctic and subtropical zones.
- 2.
For example, [tati-wakareini-siyopiywori se-roniapa-napuyo] “I haven't met you since the night when you took your leave” (Manyoshu 3375). Although nap- exhibits verbal-like behavior, it should be noted that, whereas in Ryukyuan the negative existential is a free verb, it is a suffix in Eastern old Japanese. Both forms may constitute an example of convergence.
- 3.
In the NakijinYonamine dialect, *me (rice crop) is a component of compound words such as me:hai (rice reapking) and meːgadʒimi (rice straw).
- 4.
Nago City History Compilation Committee 2006. See especially pp. 332–333 and pp. 492–493.
- 5.
Researchers include: Ryosuke Kimura (Univ. of the Ryukyus, Genomic Anthropology), Takeo Okazaki (Univ. of the Ryukyus, Mathematical Statistics), Nobuko Kibe (National Language Research Institute, Japanese), Akihiro Kaneda (Chiba University, Japanese), Hiroomi Tsumura (Doshisha University, Spatial Information Science), Michinori Shimoji (Kyushu University, Linguistics), Rihito Shirata (Shigakukan University, Linguistics), Yukiko Shimabukuro, Keiko Nakama, Nana Toyama, Gils, vander Lubbe, and Kaishi Yamagiwa.
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Acknowledgments
This paper is a part of the research supported by a JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 17H06115 (Scientific Research (S), “Comparative and Historical Linguistic Study of the Ryukyuan Languages using Linguistic Phylogenetic Trees”) and the Dean Leadership Project of the University of the Ryukyus, “Seeking to Constructa “Dynamic” Linguistic Phylogenetic Tree System for Ryukyuan Languages”.
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Karimata, S. (2020). The Possibilities of Phylogenetic Tree Studies in Ryukyuan Languages Research. In: Ginoza, A. (eds) The Challenges of Island Studies. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6288-4_6
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