Surgical Treatment and Its Prognosis for Extralobar Pulmonary Sequestration with Foregut Communication: Communicating Bronchopulmonary Foregut Malformation (CBPFM)

Abstract

In 1968, Gerle introduced the term “bronchopulmonary foregut malformation (BPFM)” in connection with pulmonary sequestration with a communication with the esophagus or stomach. BPFM has recently been proposed to apply to all abnormalities of the tracheobronchial tree originating during development from the foregut. Communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformation (CBPFM) is defined by congenital communication between the esophagus or stomach and an isolated part of the airway.

For the treatment of this type of complex foregut anomaly, arriving at a correct diagnosis is the most important factor in determining the appropriate operative management. There are able to sort out the anatomy by radiologic imaging and bronchoscopy.

The affected respiratory system is often resected because it is usually not working when diagnosed because of severe pneumonia or hypoplasia or agenesis itself. According to the Srikant category, CBPFM Group IA was difficult to diagnose, had a high mortality rate. Pneumonectomy was performed in most patients with group IA or group II. In early infancy, total pneumonectomy induces asymmetric growth of the chest, which can lead to risk of postpneumonectomy syndrome as the patient grows. There should be performed serial operations to successfully preserve the affected lung, air way, and reconstruct the esophagus.