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Measuring Air Pollutant Concentrations and Fluxes

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Agriculture and Air Quality

Abstract

Estimating agriculture’s contribution to air pollution and global warming is needed to understand and limit its impacts on the environment and climate. It is equally important to estimate the capacity of agricultural practices to mitigate these emissions and to characterize atmospheric deposition and the impacts of air pollutants on agroecosystems. This chapter presents methods for measuring air pollutant concentrations, their fluxes at the soil-vegetation-atmosphere interface, and emissions from livestock facilities. Methods for measuring air concentrations are described with a focus on compounds emitted from or impacting agriculture (including forests): ammonia, nitrogen oxides, pesticides, volatile organic compounds including methane, abiotic and biotic particles, and ozone. The main methods for measuring emission and deposition fluxes of air pollutants between terrestrial surfaces, especially agroecosystems, and the atmosphere are described with a specific focus on the eddy covariance method as well as on emissions from livestock buildings. Then the general principles of source apportionment methods for estimating emissions spatial variability are presented. To address the questions on atmospheric chemistry, the methods used for measuring the reactivity of atmospheric compounds are presented. Finally, an insight is given on the developments of measurement methodologies to address new compounds and improve the sensors’ sensitivity and response time as well as provide estimates of spatial variability of concentrations and fluxes at larger scales.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    http://source-apportionment.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

  2. 2.

    www.aeris-data.fr; https://en.aeris-data.fr/?noredirect=en_GB

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ECOSYS, INRAE, Thiverval-Grignon, France

    Benjamin Loubet, Raluca Ciuraru, Julien Kammer & Patricia Laville

  2. LSCE, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    Dominique Baisnée & Roland Sarda-Esteve

  3. LISA, CNRS, Créteil, France

    Mathieu Cazaunau & Gaëlle Dufour

  4. LISA, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France

    Audrey Fortems-Cheiney & Jean-François Doussin

  5. LATMOS, CNRS, Paris, France

    Cathy Clerbaux

  6. PhLAM, Université de Lille, Lille, France

    Cristian Focsa

  7. IRCELYON, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France

    Christian George

  8. LSCE, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    Valérie Gros & Nora Zannoni

  9. SAS, INRAE, Rennes, France

    Mélynda Hassouna

  10. IGE, CNRS, Grenoble, France

    Jean-Luc Jaffrezo

  11. ICARE, CNRS, Orléans, France

    Abdelwahid Mellouki

  12. ICPEES, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

    Maurice Millet

  13. Physico-Chimie de l’Atmosphère, Université de Lille, Lille, France

    Denis Petitprez

  14. LCE, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France

    Etienne Quivet

  15. CERI EE, IMT Lille Douai, Douai, France

    Nathalie Redon

  16. SAGE, IMT Lille Douai, Douai, France

    Stéphane Sauvage

  17. IGE, IRD, Grenoble, France

    Gaëlle Uzu

  18. EPOC, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France

    Éric Villenave

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  1. Benjamin Loubet
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  2. Dominique Baisnée
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  16. Abdelwahid Mellouki
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  17. Maurice Millet
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  25. Nora Zannoni
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Benjamin Loubet .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. UMR Ecosys, INRAE, Thiverval-Grignon, France

    Carole Bedos

  2. UMR Ecosys, INRAE, Thiverval-Grignon, France

    Sophie Génermont

  3. UMR Ecosys, AgroParisTech, Thiverval-Grignon, France

    Jean-François Castell

  4. UMR Ecosys, INRAE, Thiverval-Grignon, France

    Pierre Cellier

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Loubet, B. et al. (2020). Measuring Air Pollutant Concentrations and Fluxes. In: Bedos, C., Génermont, S., Castell, JF., Cellier, P. (eds) Agriculture and Air Quality. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2058-6_6

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