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Wetlands of Canada and Greenland

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Wetlands of the world: Inventory, ecology and management Volume I

Part of the book series: Handbook of vegetation science ((HAVS,volume 15-2))

Abstract

Canada is a vast country characterized by a complex mosaic of climates and physiography. Climates range from cool temperate to cold arctic. In Canada, an estimated 127.2 × 106ha of wetlands occur, some 14% of the surface area. Peatlands account for 88% of all wetlands. Five classes of wetlands are found in Canada: shallow open water, marshes (both freshwater and salt), swamps, fens, and bogs. Distinct regional differences occur in seven bioclim-atic zones: Arctic, Subarctic, Boreal, Temperate, Prairie, Mountain, and Oceanic (both Pacific and Atlantic). Within these zones, major factors influencing wetland development include hydrology, water chemistry, time, nature of the terrain, and sedimentological processes.

Human activities including agricultural development, urbanization, peat extraction, forestry, and construction projects, are leading to depletion of wetlands in parts of Canada. The rates of such losses are being determined by wetland inventories in many parts of the country.

In Greenland, wetlands include shallow open water, saltmarshes, fens, and bogs. Limited data are available on their distribution and ecology.

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  1. W. A. Glooschenko
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  2. C. Tarnocai
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  3. S. Zoltai
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  4. V. Glooschenko
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  1. Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Box 28, Edgewater, Maryland, 21037, USA

    Dennis F. Whigham

  2. Department of Hydrobotany, Institute of Botany, Czechoslovak Academy of Science, 379 82, Tr̂ebon̂, Czechoslovakia

    Dagmar Dykyjová

  3. Institute of Botany, Czechoslovak Academy of Science, 252 43, Průhonice, Czechoslovakia

    Slavomil Hejný

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Glooschenko, W.A., Tarnocai, C., Zoltai, S., Glooschenko, V. (1993). Wetlands of Canada and Greenland. In: Whigham, D.F., Dykyjová, D., Hejný, S. (eds) Wetlands of the world: Inventory, ecology and management Volume I. Handbook of vegetation science, vol 15-2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8212-4_11

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