Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the level of genetic differentiation in northern European populations of Atlantic salmon, to establish the genetic relationship among major salmon populations in Russia and North Norway, and to compare these topopulations from the western Atlantic lineage. Samples were collected alonganeast-west axis, from Pechora River in Russia to Restigouche River in Quebec, Canada. A total of 439 individual salmon were collected from seven rivers (sample sizes from 50 to 84 individuals). The samples were analysed for variation at four microsatellite loci; Ssa13.37, Ssa14, Ssa171 and Ssa171. Significant differences were found between most of the European populations, and the populations from the Tana and Pechora Rivers were most distinct. The samples from the Rivers Mezenskaya Pizhma and Emtsa in Arkhangelsk oblast in Russia were not significantly different from each other in an exact test of population differences. All other river pairs were significantly different. These results confirmed the deep genetic divergence between American and European salmon populations demonstrated in earlier studies, with alleles specific to continent found in three of the microsatellites.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Beacham, T.D. & J.B. Dempson. 1998. Population structure of Atlantic salmon from the Conne River, Newfoundland as determined from microsatellite DNA. J. Fish Biol. 52: 665-676.
Bermingham, E., S.H. Forbes, K. Friedland & C. Pla. 1991. Discrimination between Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) of North American and European origin using restriction analyses of mitochondrial-Dna. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48: 884-893.
Birt, T.P., J.M. Green& W.S. Davidson. 1991. Mitochondrial-Dna variation reveals genetically distinct sympatric populations of anadromous and nonanadromous Atlantic Salmon, Salmo Salar. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48: 577-582.
Blanco, G., J.A. Sanchez, J.R. Vazquez & F.M. Utter. 1992. Genetic differentiation among natural European populations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., from drainages of the Atlantic Ocean. Anim. Genet. 23: 11-18.
Bourke, A.A., J. Coughlan, H. Jansson, P. Galvin & T.F. Cross. 1997. Allozyme variation in populations of Atlantic salmon located throughout Europe: Diversity that could be compromised by introductions of reared fish. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 54: 974-985.
Cutler, M.G., S.E. Bartlett, S.E. Hartley & W.S. Davidson. 1991. A polymorphism in the ribosomal-Rna genes distinguishes Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from North-America and Europe. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48: 1655-1661.
Dahle, G., M. Rahman & A.G. Eriksen. 1997. Rapid fingerprinting used for discriminating among three populations of Hilsa Shad (Tenualosa ilisha). Fish. Res. 32: 263-269.
Fontaine, P.-M., J. Dodson, L. Bernatchez & A. Slettan. 1997. A genetic test of metapopulation structure in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using microsatellites. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 54: 2423-2442.
Halvorsen, M. & M.A. Svenning. 2000. Growth of Atlantic Salmon parr in fluvial and lacustrine habitats. J. Fish Biol. 57: 145-160.
Heggberget, T.G., R.A. Lund, N. Ryman & G. Ståhl. 1986. Growth and genetic variation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from different sections of the River Alta, North Norway. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43: 1828-1835.
Kazakov, R. & S. Titov. 1991. Geographical patterns in the population genetics of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., on U.S.S.R. territory, as evidence for colonization routes. J. Fish Biol. 39: 1-6.
Kazakov, R. & S. Titov. 1993. Population genetics of salmon, Salmo salar L., in northern Russia. Aquacult. Fish. Manage. 24: 495-506.
King, T.L., S.T. Kalinowski, W.B. Schill, A.P. Spidle & B.A. Lubinski. 2001. Population structure of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): A range-wide perspective from microsatellite DNA variation. Mol. Ecol. 10: 807-821.
King, T.L., A.P. Spidle, M.S. Eackles, B.A. Lubinski & W.B. Schill. 2000. Mitochondrial DNA diversity in North American and European Atlantic salmon with emphasis on the Downeast rivers of Maine. J. Fish Biol. 57: 614-630.
Koljonen, M.-L., J. TaXhtinen, M. SaisaX & J. Koskiniemi. 2002. Maintenance of genetic diversity of Atlantic salmon by captive breeding programmes and the geographic distribution of microsatellite variation. Aquaculture 212: 69-92.
Makhrov, A.A., O. Skaala, Yu.P. Altukhov & R.L. Saunders. 1998. The allozyme ESTD locus as a marker of genetic differentiation between European and North American populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Doklady Biol. Sci. 360: 281-283.
McConnell, S., L. Hamilton, D. Morris, D. Cook, D. Paquet, P. Bentzen & J. Wright. 1995a. Isolation of salmonid microsatellite loci and their application to the population genetics of Canadian east coast stocks of Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture 137: 19-30.
McConnell, S.K.J., D.E. Ruzzante, P.T. O’Reilly, L. Hamilton & J. Wright. 1997. Microsatellite loci reveal highly significant genetic differentiation among Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) stocks from the east coast of Canada. Mol. Ecol. 6: 1075-1089.
McConnell, S.K., P. O’Reilly, L. Hamilton, J.M. Wright & P. Bentzen. 1995b. Polymorphic microsatellite loci from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Genetic differentiation of North American and European populations. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 52: 1863-1872.
McVeigh, H.P. & W.S. Davidson. 1991. A salmonid phylogeny inferred from mitochondrial Cytochrome-B gene-sequences. J. Fish Biol. 39: 277-282.
Miller, M.P. 1997. Tools for population genetic analyses (TFPGA)1.3.
Møller, D. 1970. Transferrin polymorphism in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 27: 1617-1625.
Nei, M. 1972. Genetic distance between populations. Am. Nat. 106: 283-292.
Nilsson, J., R. Gross, T. Asplund, O. Dove, H. Jansson, J. Kelloniemi, K. Kohlmann, A. Loytynoja, E.E. Nielsen, T. Paaver, C.R. Primmer, S.F. Titov, A. Vasemagi, A. Veselov, T. Ost & J. Lumme. 2001. Matrilinear phylogeography of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Europe and postglacial colonization of the Baltic Sea area. Mol. Ecol. 10: 89-102.
Norris, A.T., D.G. Bradley & E.P. Cunningham. 1999. Microsatellite genetic variation between and within farmed and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations. Aquaculture 180: 247-264.
Norris, A.T., D.G. Bradley & E.P. Cunningham. 2000. Parentage and relatedness determination in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using microsatellite markers. Aquaculture 182: 73-83.
Nyman, L. 1966. Geographic variation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). LFI Medd. 3: 1-6.
Nyman, O.L. & J.H.C. Pippy. 1972. Differences in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, from North America and Europe. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 29: 179-185.
O’Reilly, P., L. Hamilton, S. Mcconnell & J. Wright. 1996. Rapid analysis of genetic variation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by PCR multiplexing of dinucleotide and tetranucleotide microsatellites. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 53: 2292-2298.
Payne, R.H., A.R. Child & A. Forrest. 1971. Geographical variation in the Atlantic Salmon. Nature 231: 250-252.
Primmer, C.R., M.T. Koskinen & J. Piironen. 2000. The one who did not get away: Individual assignment detectsacase offishing competition fraud. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 267: 1699-1704.
Raymond, M. & F. Rousset. 1995a. An exact test for population differentiation. Evolution 49: 1280-1283.
Raymond, M. & F. Rousset. 1995b. Genepop (Version-1.2) - population-genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. J. Hered. 86: 248-249.
Reilly, A., N.G. Elliot, P.M. Grewe, C. Clabby, R. Powell & R.D. Ward. 1999. Genetic differentiation between Tasmanian cultured Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and their ancestral Canadian population: Comparison of microsatellite DNA and allozyme and mitochondrial DNA variation . Aquaculture 173: 459-469.
Rice, W.R. 1989. Analyzing tables of statistic tests. Evolution 43: 223-225.
Sanchez, J.A., C. Clabby, D. Ramos, G. Blanco, F. Flavin, E. Vazquez& R.Powell. 1996. Protein and microsatellite single locus variability in Salmo salar L (Atlantic salmon). Heredity 77: 423-432.
Sanchez, J.A., M.D. Ramos, H. Pineda, Y. Borrel, E. Vasquez & G. Blanco. 2000. The application of genetic variation at microsatellite loci in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) stock identification. ICES Council Meeting Y: 06.
Schneider, S., D. Roessli & L. Excoffier. 2000. Arlequin: A software for population genetics data analysis, version 2.000. Genetics and Biometry Laboratory, Department of Anthro- pology, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
Skaala, ø., A.A. Makhrov, T.Karlsen, K.E. Jørstad, Y.P. Altukhov, D.V. Politov, K.V. Kuzishin & G.G. Novikov. 1998. Genetic comparison of salmon from the White Sea and north-western Atlantic Ocean. J. Fish Biol. 53: 569-580.
Ståhl, G. 1987. Genetic Population Structure of Atlantic Salmon. pp. 121-140. In: N. Ryman & F. Utter (ed.) University of Washington Press, Seattle.
Taggart, J., E. Verspoor, P. Galvin, P. Moran & A. Ferguson. 1995. A minisatellite DNA marker for discriminating between European and North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 52: 2305-2311.
Tessier, N., L. Bernatchez & J.M. Wright. 1997. Population structure and impact of supportive breeding inferred from mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA analyses in land-locked Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. Mol. Ecol. 6: 735-750.
Verspoor, E. 1986. Spatial correlations of transferrin allele frequencies in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, populations from North America. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43: 1074-1078.
Wright, S. 1951. The genetical structure of populations. Ann. Eugenics 15: 323-354.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wennevik, V., Skaala, Ø., Titov, S.F., Studyonov, I., Nævdal, G. (2004). Microsatellite variation in populations of Atlantic salmon from North Europe. In: Gharrett, A.J., et al. Genetics of Subpolar Fish and Invertebrates. Developments in environmental biology of fishes, vol 23. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0983-6_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0983-6_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-3759-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-0983-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive