Abstract
For drinking water production, surface waters bodies are exposed to pollution as a result of discharging untreated liquid wastes into them from industrial, agricultural and domestic activities. Riverbank filtration (RBF) offers a cost-effective technique for producing drinking water by removing many suspended solids, pathogens, and micro-pollutants. The test site is the wellfield for water supply into AbuTieg residents (Assiut governorate, 370 km south to Cairo). It consists of seven municipal wells penetrating the Quaternary aquifer which is mainly fed by the bank filtrate. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of RBF for removing the pathogens and suspended solids. However, ammonium, dissolved iron and manganese are found in the bank filtrate at higher concentrations than those in the Nile water, but still within the allowable limits except for ammonia concentration in winter, the increased of ammonia concentration might be explained by less infiltration of oxygenated Nile water to the aquifer where the Nile received less precipitation in winter time (low-flow period) as well as the impact of sewerage system surrounding the wellfield. Results of the microbiological analysis showed that removal of total and fecal coliform (E. coli) bacteria (cfu/100 ml) is about 3.0 logs and total algal about 3.5 logs. Finally, all the examined abstracted water samples have concentrations below allowable limits for drinking water in Egypt.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abd El-Bassier M (1997) Hydrogeological and hydrochemical studies of the Quaternary aquifer in Qena Governorate. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt
Abd El-Moneim AA (1987) Hydrogeology of the Nile basin in Sohage Province. MSc Thesis, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt
Abdalla FA, Ahmed A, Omer A (2009) Degradation of Groundwater Quality of Quaternary Aquifer at Qena, Egypt. J Environ Stud 1:18–30
Abdel-Satar AM, Elewa AA (2001) Water quality and environmental assessments of the River Nile at Rossetta Branch. The Second International Conference and Exhibition for Life and Environment, 3–5 April: 136–164
Abdo MH (2004a) Environmental studies on the River Nile at Damietta Branch region, Egypt. J Egypt Acad Soc Environ Dev 5(2):85–104
Abdo MH (2004b) Distribution of some chemical elements in the recent sediments of Damietta Branch, River Nile, Egypt. J Egypt Acad Soc Environ Dev 5(2):125–146
Abu El Ella EM (1989) Hydrogeochemistry of the Nile River in the area between Aswan and Assiut. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt
APHA AWWA, WEF (1998) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 20th edn. American Public Health Association, American Water Work Association, Water Environment Federation, Washington, DC
Attia FA (1974) Parameter and characteristics of groundwater reservoir in Upper Egypt. MSc Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt
Attia FA (1985) Management of water systems in Upper Egypt. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt
Castany G (1985) Liaisons hydrauliques entre les aquifbres et les cours d’eau (in French). Stygologia. I:1–25
Doussan C, Poitevin G, Ledoux E, Detay M (1997) Riverbank filtration: Modeling of the changes in water chemistry with emphasis on nitrogen species. J Contam Hydrol 25:129–156
EHCW (2007) Egyptian standards for drinking and domestic uses. Egyptian Higher Committee for Water, Egyptian Governmental Press, Egypt
El Miligy E (2004) Groundwater resources evaluation of Assiut governorate. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt
EPA (2003) National interim primary drinking water regulations list of drinking water contaminants and their MCLs. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Annual Report 816-F-03-016
Geriesh HM, Balke KD, El-Rayes AE (2008) Problems of drinking water treatment along Ismailia Canal Province, Egypt. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 9(3):232–242
IARC (1991) Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: Chlorinated drinking water, Chlorination by-products; Some other halogenated compounds; Cobalt and cobalt compounds. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, 52:544
Ibrahim SA, Tayel SI (2005) Effect of heavy metals on gills of Tilapia zillii inhabiting the River Nile water (Damietta branch) and El-Rahawy drain. Egypt J Aquat Biol and Fish 9(2):111–128
Kamel R (2004) Geology of Luxor area and its relationship to groundwater uprising under the Pharaohs temples. MSc Thesis, Aswan Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Egypt
Kim S, Corapcioglu M, Kima D (2003) Effect of dissolved organic matter and bacteria on contaminant transport in riverbank filtration. J Contam Hydrol 66:1–23
Literathy P, Laszlo F (1996) Processes affecting the quality of bank-filtered water. In: Kivimaki AL, Suokko T, (eds) Proc. Int. Symposium on Artificial Recharge of Groundwater, NHP Report No. 38. (Nordic Hydrological Programme, Helsinki, Finland, 1996), pp. 53–64
Mousa SE, Attia FA, Abu ElFotouh AM (1994) Geological and hydrogeological study on the Quaternary aquifer in the Nile Valley between Assiut and Sohage Governorates, Egypt. Geol J Egypt 38:1–20
Ray C, Melin G, Linsky RB (2002) Riverbank Filtration: Improving Source Water Quality. Kluwer, The Netherlands
Rook J (1974) Formation of haloforms during chlorination of natural waters. J Water Treat Exam 23:234–-243
Sacher F, Brauch HJ, Kühn W (2001) Fate studies of organic micropollutants in riverbank filtration. Proc. Int. Riverbank Filtration Conference Rheinthemen, 4:139–148
Schmidt CK, Lange FT, Brauch HG, Kühn W (2003) Experiences with riverbank filtration and infiltration in Germany. DVGW-Water Technology Center, TZW, Germany
Schoen M (2006) Systematic comparison of riverbank filtration sites in Austria and India. MSc Thesis, University of Innsbruck, Austria
Shamrukh M, Abdel-Wahab A (2008) Riverbank filtration for sustainable water supply: Application to a large-scale facility on the Nile River. Clean Technol Environ Policy 10(4):351–358
Shehata AS, Ali HG, Wahba ZS (2008) Distribution pattern of Nile water algae with reference to its treatability in drinking water. J Appl Sci Res 4(6):722–730
Sontheimer H (1980) Experiences with riverbank filtration along the Rhine River. J Am Water Works Assoc 72:386–390
Weiss WJ, Bouwer EJ, Ball WP, O’Melia CR, LeChevallier MW, Arora A, Aboytes R, Speth TF (2003) Study of water quality improvements During riverbank filtration at three Midwestern united states drinking water utilities. Geophys Res Abstr 5, 04297
WHO (1996) Guidelines for drinking water quality, 2nd ed. World Health Organization, Geneva
Zullei-Seibert N (1996) Pesticides and artificial recharge of groundwater via slow sand filtration – elimination potential and limitations. International Symposium on Artificial Recharge of Groundwater, (Helsinki 1996) 247–253
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Assiut Company for Water and Wastewater for their support during the research work and to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Abdalla, F.A., Shamrukh, M. (2011). Riverbank Filtration as an Alternative Treatment Technology: AbuTieg Case Study, Egypt. In: Shamrukh, M. (eds) Riverbank Filtration for Water Security in Desert Countries. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0026-0_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0026-0_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-0025-3
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-0026-0
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)