Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Polar Bear Ecology and Management in Hudson Bay in the Face of Climate Change

  • Chapter
A Little Less Arctic

Abstract

Hudson Bay, Canada has been a region of intensive research on polar bear population ecology dating back to the late 1960s. Although the impacts of climate change on sea ice habitat throughout the circumpolar range of the species is of concern, Hudson Bay is the only region where the duration of sea ice cover has been linked empirically with declines in a suite of parameters: polar bear body condition; individual survival; natality; and population size. Research in Hudson Bay has also focused on contaminants in polar bear tissues, population genetics, behaviour and denning, as well as predator-prey interactions. These decades of research in Hudson Bay provide important baseline information with which to monitor the rate and extent of the impact of climate change on polar bear ecology. Climate change has already become a critical issue for polar bear management in the region; human–bear conflicts in Nunavut have increased, which had been an explicit prediction of an effect of climate change. In addition, relative to polar bear numbers in the early 1960s – before government-based harvest management – polar bear abundance has also increased. The recent empirical data demonstrating a decline in the Western Hudson Bay polar bear subpopulation has been interpreted as incongruous with observations of respected Inuit elders of the marked increase in polar bears from historical numbers, catalyzing divergent views on polar bear management. Lastly, should the duration of the ice-free season continue to increase, industrial shipping and future mining and oil and gas developments will affect polar bears in the region in ways that are not well understood. We review current knowledge of polar bear ecology in Hudson Bay, as it relates to climate change, and present an overview of future research needs and management challenges.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Amstrup, S. C. 1993. Human disturbances of denning polar bears in Alaska. Arctic 46: 246–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arctic Council. 2009. Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment 2009 Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayotte, N. 1977. Polar bear denning survey: Wager Bay. NWT Wildlife Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baffinland Iron Mines Corporation. 2008. Development proposal for the Mary River Project, p. 89

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentzen, T.W., E.H. Follmann, S.C. Amstrup, G.S. York, M.J. Wooller and T.M. O’Hara. 2007. Variation in winter diet of southern Beaufort Sea polar bears inferred from stable isotope analysis. Canadian Journal of Zoology 85: 596–608.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, D.A. and I. Stirling. 1998. Habitat preferences of polar bears in the Hudson Bay Lowlands during late summer and fall. Ursus 10: 243–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, D.A., I. Stirling, and W. Calvert. 1997. Distribution, characteristics, and use of earth dens and related excavations by polar bears on the western Hudson Bay Lowlands. Arctic 50: 158–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coltman, D.W., P.O'Donoghue, J.T. Jorgenson, J.T. Hogg, C. Strobeck, and M. Festa-Bianchet. 2003. Undesirable evolutionary consequences of trophy hunting. Nature 426: 655–658.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crete, M., D. Vandal, L.P. Rivest, and F. Potvin. 1991. Double counts in aerial surveys to estimate polar bear numbers during the ice-free period. Arctic 44: 275–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crompton, A.E., M.E. Obbard, S.D. Petersen, and P.J. Wilson. 2008. Population genetic structure in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Hudson Bay, Canada: Implications of future climate change. Biological Conservation 141: 2528–2539.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Derocher, A.E., N.J. Lunn, and I. Stirling. 2004. Polar bears in a warming climate. Integrative and Comparative Biology 44: 163–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Derocher, A.E. and I. Stirling. 1990. Distribution of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) during the ice-free period in western Hudson Bay. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68: 1395–1403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Derocher, A.E., Stirling, I., and Andriashek, D. 1992. Pregnancy rates and serum progesterone levels of polar bears in western Hudson Bay. Canadian Journal of Zoology 70: 561–566.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Derocher, A.E., and I. Stirling. 1995. Estimation of polar bear population-size and survival in Western Hudson-Bay. Journal of Wildlife Management 59: 215–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Derocher, A.E., I. Stirling, and W. Calvert. 1997. Male-biased harvesting of polar bears in western Hudson Bay. Journal of Wildlife Management 61: 1075–1082.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doutt, J.K. 1967. Polar bear dens on the Twin Islands, James Bay, Canada. Journal of Mammalogy 48: 468–471.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dowsley, M. and G.W. Wenzel. 2008. "The time of the most polar bears": A co-management conflict in Nunavut. Arctic 61: 177–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyck, M.G. 2006. Characteristics of polar bears killed in defence of life and property in Nunavut, Canada, 1970–2000. Ursus 17: 52–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dyck, M.G. and R.K. Baydack. 2004. Vigilance behaviour of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the context of wildlife-viewing activities at Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. Biological Conservation 116: 343–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dyck, M.G., W. Soon, R.K. Baydack, D.R. Legates, S. Baliunas, T.F. Ball, and L.O. Hancock. 2007. Polar bears of western Hudson Bay and climate change: Are warming spring air temperatures the "ultimate" survival control factor? Ecological Complexity 4: 73–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dyck, M.G., W. Soon, R.K. Baydack, D.R. Legates, S. Baliunas, T.F. Ball, and L.O. Hancock. 2008. Reply to response to Dyck et al. (2007) on polar bears and climate change in western Hudson Bay by Stirling et al. (2008). Ecological Complexity 5: 289–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eckhardt, G. 2005. The effects of ecotourism on polar bear behavior. Master’s Thesis. University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fast, H. and F. Berkes. 1994. Native land use, traditional knowledge, and the subsistence economy in the Hudson Bay bioregion. The Hudson Bay Programme, Canadian Arctic Resources Committee, p. 33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, S.H., M.K. Taylor, E.W. Born, and F. Messier. 1998. Fractals, sea-ice landscape and spatial patterns of polar bears. Journal of Biogeography 25: 1081–1092.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, S.H., M.K. Taylor, E.W. Born, A. Rosing-Asvid, and F. Messier. 2001. Activity and movement patterns of polar bears inhabiting consolidated versus active pack ice. Arctic 54: 49–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, S.H., M.K. Taylor, and F. Messier. 2000a. Influence of sea ice dynamics on habitat selection by polar bears. Ecology 81: 761–772.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, S.H., M.K. Taylor, A. Rosing-Asvid, E.W. Born, and F. Messier. 2000b. Relationships between denning of polar bears and conditions of sea ice. Journal of Mammalogy 81: 1118–1127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, M.M.R. and L. Foote. 2009. Inuit, polar bears and sustainable use: Local, national and international perspectives. CCI Press, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, p. 252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gagnon, A.S. and W.A. Gough. 2005a. Climate change scenarios for the Hudson Bay region: An intermodel comparison. Climatic Change 69: 269–297.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gagnon, A.S. and W.A. Gough. 2005b. Trends in the dates of ice freeze-up and breakup over Hudson Bay, Canada. Arctic 58: 370–382.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gough, W. A., A.R. Cornwell, and L.J.S. Tsuji. 2004. Trends in seasonal sea ice duration in southwestern Hudson Bay. Arctic 57: 299–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gough, W.A. and A. Leung. 2002. Nature and fate of Hudson Bay permafrost. Regional Environmental Change 2: 177–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herrero, J. and S. Herrero. 1997. Visitor safety in polar bear viewing activiites in the Churchill region of Manitoba, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Higdon, J.W. and S.H. Ferguson. 2009. Loss of Arctic sea ice causing punctuated change in sightings of killer whales (Orcinus orca) over the past century. Ecological Applications 19: 1365–1375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hobson, K.A., I. Stirling, and D.S. Andriashek. 2009. Isotopic homogeneity of breath CO2 from fasting and berry-eating polar bears: implications for tracing reliance on terrestrial foods in a changing Arctic. Canadian Journal of Zoology 87: 50–55.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hurst, R.J. and N.A. Oritsland. 1982. Polar bear thermoregulation: Effect of oil on the insulative properties of fur. Journal of Thermal Biology 7: 201–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iverson, S.J., I. Stirling, and S.L.C. Lang. 2006. Spatial and temporal variation in the diets of polar bears across the Canadian arctic: indicators of changes in prey populations and environment. Symposium of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 98–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated. 2007. Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated Preliminary western Hudson Bay Inuit Qaujimajatugangit workshop summary.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonkel, C., P. Smith, I. Stirling, and G.B. Kolenosky. 1976. The present status of the polar bear in the James Bay and Belcher Islands area.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jope, K. 1985. Implications of grizzly bear habituation to hikers. Wildlife Society Bulletin 13: 32–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolenosky, G.B. and J.P. Prevett. 1983. Productivity and maternity denning of polar bears in Ontario. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 5: 238–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lunn, N.J., M.K. Gray, M.K. Taylor, and J. Lee. 1987. Foxe Basin polar bear research program: 1985 and 1986 field reports. Government of the Northwest Territories.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lunn, N.J., I. Stirling, D. Andriashek, and G.B. Kolenosky. 1997b. Re-estimating the size of the polar bear population in Western Hudson Bay. Arctic 50: 234–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lunn, N.J., I. Stirling, and S.N. Nowicki. 1997a. Distribution and abundance of ringed (Phoca hispida) and bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) in western Hudson Bay. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 54: 914–921.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lunn, N.J., I. Stirling, D. Andriashek, and E. Richardson. 2004. Selection of maternity dens by female polar bears in western Hudson Bay, Canada and the effects of human disturbance. Polar Biology 27: 350–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mauritzen, M., S.E. Belikov, A.N. Boltunov, A.E. Derocher, E. Hansen, R.A. Ims, O. Wiig, and N. Yoccoz. 2003. Functional responses in polar bear habitat selection. Oikos 100: 112–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mauritzen, M., A.E. Derocher, and O. Wiig. 2001. Space-use strategies of female polar bears in a dynamic sea ice habitat. Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie 79: 1704–1713.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCullough, D. 1982. Behavior, bears and humans. Wildlife Society Bulletin 10: 27–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKinney, M.A., E. Peacock, and R.J. Letcher. 2009. Sea ice-associated diet change increases the levels of chlorinated and brominated contaminants in Polar Bears. Environmental Science & Technology 43: 4334–4339.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mills, L.S. and F.W. Allendorf. 1996. The one-migrant-per-generation rule in conservation and management. Conservation Biology 10: 1509–1518.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molnár, P.K., A.E. Derocher, M.A. Lewis, and M.K. Taylor. 2008. Modelling the mating system of polar bears: a mechanistic approach to the Allee effect. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 275: 217–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Molnár, P.K. 2009. Modelling future impacts of climate change and harvest on the reproductive success of female polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Ph.D. dissertation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nunavut Impact Review Board. 2009. Draft guidlines for the preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement for Baffinland Iron Mine's Corporation's Mary River Project, p. 129. Cambridge Bay, NU.

    Google Scholar 

  • Obbard, M.E. 2008. Southern Hudson bay polar bear project: Final Report. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough, ON.

    Google Scholar 

  • Obbard, M.E., M.R.L. Cattet, T. Moody, L.R. Walton, D. Potter, J. Inglis, and C. Chenier. 2006. Temporal trends in the body condition of Southern Hudson Bay polar bears. Climate change research information note, No. 3. Applied Research and Development Branch, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resource, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, p. 8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Obbard, M.E. and L.R. Walton. 2004. The importance of polar bear provincial park to the Southern Hudson Bay polar bear population in the context of future climate change. In C.K. Rehbein, J.G. Nelson, T.J. Beechey, and R.J. Payne (eds.), Parks and protected areas research in Ontario, 2004: planning northern parks and protected areas. Proceedings of the Parks Research Forum of Ontario annual general meeting, Thunder Bay, ON, May 4–6, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1980. Policies for the management of polar bears in Ontario. Wildlife Branch, Toronto, ON, p. 13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oritsland, N.A., F.R.Englehardt, F.A. Juck, R.J. Hurst, and P.D. Watts. 1981. Effect of crude oil on polar bears. Department of Indian and Northern Affairs, Ottawa, ON. Environmental Studies, No. 24, p. 268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oswalt, W.H. 1999. Eskimos and explorers, 2nd Edition. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NB, pp. 341.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paetkau, D., S.C. Amstrup, E.W. Born, W. Calvert, A.E. Derocher, G.W. Garner, F. Messier, I. Stirling, M.K. Taylor, O. Wiig, and C. Strobeck. 1999. Genetic structure of the world's polar bear populations. Molecular Ecology 8: 1571–1584.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paetkau, D., W. Calvert, I. Stirling, and C. Strobeck. 1995. Microsatellite analysis of population structure in Canadian polar bears. Molecular Ecology 4: 347–354.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peacock, E., A. Orlando, V. Sahanatien, S. Stapleton, A.E. Derocher, and D.L. Garshelis. 2008. Foxe Basin Polar Bear Project, Interim Report 2008, p. 55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peacock, E., N.F. Lunn, M.L. Branigan, R. Maraj, L. Carpenter, D. Larsen, A. Derocher, B. Ford, D. Hedman, J. Justus, S. Lefort, G. Mouland, G. Nirlungayuk, M.E. Obbard, and F. Pokiak. 2009a. 2009 Report of the status of Polar Bear in Canada. Provincial/Territorial and Federal Polar Bear Technical Committee of Canada, Whitehorse, YK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peacock, E., V. Sahanatien, and S. Stapleton. 2009b. Foxe Basin Polar Bear Project: 2009 Interim Report. Department of Environment, Government of Nunavut, Igloolik, NU.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prestrud, P. and I. Stirling. 1994. The international Polar Bear agreement and the current status of polar bear conservation. Aquatic Mammals 20:113–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prevett, J.P. and G.B. Kolenosky. 1982. The status of polar bears in Ontario. Naturaliste Canadien 109: 933–939.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prowse, T.D., C. Furgal, F.J. Wrona, and J.D. Reist. 2009. Implications of climate change for Northern Canada: freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. Ambio 38: 282–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramsay, M.A. and K.A. Hobson 1991. Polar bears make little use of terrestrial food webs: evidence from stable-carbon isotope analysis. Oecologia 86: 598–600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ragen, T.J., H.P. Huntington, and G.K. Hovelsrud. 2008. Conservation of Arctic marine mammals faced with climate change. Ecological Applications 18: S166–S174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Regehr, E.V., S.C. Amstrup, and I. Stirling. 2006. Polar Bear Population Status in the Southern Beaufort Sea, p. 20. U. S. G. Survey, editor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regehr, E.V., N.J. Lunn, S.C. Amstrup, and I. Stirling. 2007. Effects of earlier sea ice breakup on survival and populaiton size of polar bears in western Hudson Bay. Journal of Wildlife Management 71: 2673–2683.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, E., I. Stirling, and D.S. Hik. 2005. Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) maternity denning habitat in western Hudson Bay: a bottom-up approach to resource selection functions. Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie 83: 860–870.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sahanatien, V. and A. Derocher. 2007. Changing sea ice-scapes and polar bear habitat in Foxe Basin, Nunavut Territory, Canada (1979–2004). Oral presentaiton at International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Monterrey, Mexico.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, T.G. 1975. Ringed seals in James Bay and Hudson Bay: population estimates and catch statistics. Arctic 28: 170–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stenhouse, G.B., L.J. Lee, and K.G. Poole. 1988. Some characteristics of polar bears killed during conflicts with humans in the northwest territoires, 1976–86. Arctic 41: 275–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stenhouse, G.B. and N.F. Lunn. 1987. Foxe basin Polar Bear research program: 1984 Field Report. Department of Renewable Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, Rankin Inlet, NWT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stirling, I. 1990. Polar bears and oil: ecological perspectives. In J.R. Geraci and D.J. St. Aubin (eds.) Sea mammals and oil: confronting the risks. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 223–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stirling, I. and A.E. Derocher. 1993. Possible impacts of climatic warming on polar bears. Arctic 46: 240–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stirling, I., A.E. Derocher, W.A. Gough, and K. Rode. 2008. Response to Dyck et al. (2007) on polar bears and climate change in western Hudson Bay. Ecological Complexity 5: 193–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stirling, I., C. Jonkel, P. Smith, R. Robertson, and D. Cross. 1977a. The ecology of the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) along the western coast of Hudson Bay. Canadian Wildlife Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stirling, I., C. Jonkel, P. Smith, R. Robertson, and D. Cross. 1977b. The ecology of the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) along the western coast of Hudson Bay. In C. W. Service (ed.) Occasional Paper, p. 64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stirling, I., N.J. Lunn, and J. Iacozza. 1999. Long-term trends in the population ecology of polar bears in western Hudson Bay in relation to climatic change. Arctic 52: 294–306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stirling, I., N.J. Lunn, J. Iacozza, C. Elliott, and M. Obbard. 2004. Polar bear distribution and abundance on the southwestern Hudson Bay coast during open water season, in relation to population trends and annual ice patterns. Arctic 57: 15–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stirling, I. and C.L. Parkinson. 2006. Possible effects of climate warming on selected populations of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Canadian Arctic. Arctic 59: 261–275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sturtevant, W.C. 1984. Handbook of North American Indians. Smithsonian Institute, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, M. and J. Lee. 1994. Tetracycline as a biomarker for polar bears. Wildlife Society Bulletin 22: 83–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, M. and J. Lee. 1995. Distribution and abundance of Canadian polar bear populations – a management perspective. Arctic 48: 147–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, M.K., D.P. DeMaster, F.L. Bunnell, and R.E. Schweinsburg. 1987. Modeling the sustainable harvest of polar bears. Journal of Wildlife Management 51: 811–820.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, M.K., J. Lee, and L. Gray. 1990a. Foxe basin Polar Bear research program 1987 Field Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, M.K., J. Lee, J. Laake, and P.D. McLoughlin. 2006. Estimating population size of polar bears in Foxe Basin, Nunavut using tetracycline biomarkers. Page 13 in D. o. Environment, editor. Government of Nunavut.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, M.K., J. Lee, and R. Mulders. 1990b. Foxe Basin Polar Bear Research Program: 1988 Field Report. Department of Renewable Resources, Government of the Northwest Territries, Yellowknife, NWT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, M.K., P.D. McLoughlin, and F. Messier. 2008. Sex-selective harvesting of polar bears Ursus maritimus. Wildlife Biology 14: 52–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thiemann, G.W., S.J. Iverson, and I. Stirling. 2008. Polar bear diets and arctic marine food webs: insights from fatty acid analysis. Ecological Monographs 78: 591–613.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Towns, L., A.E. Derocher, I. Stirling, N.J. Lunn, and D. Hedman. 2009. Spatial and temporal patterns of problem polar bears in Churchill, Manitoba. Polar Biology 32: 1529–1537.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Towns, L., A.E. Derocher, I. Stirling, and N.J. Lunn. in press. Changes in land distribution of Polar Bears in Western Hudson Bay. Arctic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyrrell, M. 2007. More bears, less bears: Inuit and scientific perceptions of polar bear populations on the west coast of Hudson Bay. Journal of Inuit Studies 30: 191–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Urquhart, D.R. and R.E. Schweinsburg. 1984. Polar Bear: Life history and known distribution of polar bear in the Northwest Territoires up to 1981. Department of Renewable Resources, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. E. Peacock

    Present address: US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, 99516, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Wildlife Research Section, Department of Environment, Government of Nunavut, Igloolik, NU, Canada

    E. Peacock

Authors
  1. E. Peacock
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. E. Derocher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. N. J. Lunn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. E. Obbard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. Peacock .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, University of Manitoba Freshwater Institute, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N6, Canada

    Steven H. Ferguson

  2. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Freshwater Institute, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N6, Canada

    Lisa L. Loseto

  3. Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, 1714, Iqaluit, Nunavut, X0A 0H0, Canada

    Mark L. Mallory

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Peacock, E., Derocher, A.E., Lunn, N.J., Obbard, M.E. (2010). Polar Bear Ecology and Management in Hudson Bay in the Face of Climate Change. In: Ferguson, S.H., Loseto, L.L., Mallory, M.L. (eds) A Little Less Arctic. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9121-5_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation