Synonyms
Lowered pH of seawater
Definition
Aragonite: A calcium carbonate (CaCO3) mineral with an orthorhombic crystal lattice structure; a polymorph of calcite .
Calcification : The process by which an organism secretes calcium carbonate.
Calcite. A calcium carbonate (CaCO3) mineral with a trigonal (rhombohedral) crystal lattice structure; a polymorph of aragonite .
High-Mg calcite: Calcite containing at least 4 mol% MgCO3.
Ocean acidification : The decrease in the pH of the Earth’s oceans caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Rhodoliths: Coralline algae that grow in rounded, free-living forms that are unattached to the substrate.
Saturation state: A measure of the thermodynamic potential of a mineral to precipitate or dissolve.
Introduction
Technically, the term “ocean acidification” refers to any process that causes a decrease in seawater pH. Today, however, the term refers almost exclusively to the process by which oceanic water absorbs carbon dioxide from the...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
Albright, R., Mason, B., and Langdon, C., 2008. Effect of aragonite saturation state on settlement and post-settlement growth of Porites astreoides larvae. Coral Reefs, 27, 485–490.
Alvarez-Filip, L., Dulvy, N. K., Gill, J. A., Côte, I. M., and Watkinson, A. R., 2009. Flattening of Caribbean coral reefs: region-wide declines in architectural complexity. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0339.
Andersson, A. J., Bates, N. R., and Mackenzie, F. T., 2007. Dissolution of carbonate sediments under rising pCO2 and ocean acidification: observations from Devil’s Hole, Bermuda. Aquatic Geochemistry, 13, 237–264.
Anthony, K. R. N., Kline, D. I., Diaz-Pulido, G., Dove, S., and Hoegh-Guldberg, O., 2008. Ocean acidification causes bleaching and productivity loss in coral reef builders. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 17442–17446.
Boyer, T. P., Antonov, J. I., Garcia, H. E., Johnson, D. R., Locarnini, R. A., Mishonov, A. V., Pitcher, M. T., Baranova, O. K., and Smolyar, I. V., 2006. World Ocean Database 2005. In Levitus, S. (ed.), NOAA Atlas NESDIS 60. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
De’ath, G., Lough, J. M., and Fabricius, K. E., 2009. Declining coral calcification on the Great Barrier Reef. Science, 323, 116–119.
Fine, M., and Tchernov, D., 2007. Scleractinian coral species survive and recover from decalcification. Science, 315, 1811.
Hall-Spencer, J. M., Rodolfo-Metalpa, R., Martin, S., Ransome, E., Fine, M., Turner, S. M., et al., 2008. Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification. Nature, 454, 96–99.
Jokiel, P. L., Rodgers, K. S., Kuffner, I. B., Andersson, A. J., Cox, E. F., and Mackenzie, F. T., 2008. Ocean acidification and calcifying reef organisms: a mesocosm investigation. Coral Reefs, 27, 473–483.
Kleypas, J. A., Buddemeier, R. W., and Gattuso, J. P., 2001. The future of coral reefs in an age of global change. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 90, 426–437.
Kleypas, J. A., and Langdon, C., 2006. Coral reefs and changing seawater chemistry. In Phinney, J. T., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Kleypas, J., Skirving, W., and Strong, A. (eds.), Coral Reefs and Climate Change: Science and Management. Washington DC: American Geophysical Union, Vol. 61, pp. 73–110.
Knoll, A. H., Bambach, R. K., Payne, J. L., Pruss, S., and Fischer, W. W., 2007. Paleophysiology and end-Permian mass extinction. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 256, 295–313.
Kuffner, I. B., Andersson, A. J., Jokiel, P. L., Rodgers, K. S., and Mackenzie, F. T., 2008. Decreased abundance of crustose coralline algae due to ocean acidification. Nature Geoscience, 1, 77–140.
Langdon, C., and Atkinson, M. J., 2005. Effect of elevated pCO2 on photosynthesis and calcification of corals and interactions with seasonal change in temperature/irradiance and nutrient enrichment. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 110, C09S07, doi:10.1029/2004JC002576.
Manzello, D. P., Kleypas, J. A., Budd, D. A., Eakin, C. M., Glynn, P. W., and Langdon, C., 2008. Poorly cemented coral reefs of the eastern tropical Pacific: Possible insights into reef development in a high-CO2 world. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 10450–10455.
Morse, J. W., Andersson, A. J., and Mackenzie, F. T., 2006. Initial responses of carbonate-rich shelf sediments to rising atmospheric pCO2 and “ocean acidification”: role of high Mg-calcites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70, 5814–5830.
Munday, P. L., Dixson, D. L., Donelson, J. M., Jones, G. P., Pratchett, M. S., Devitsina, G. V., and Døving, K. B., 2009. Ocean acidification impairs olfactory discrimination and homing ability of a marine fish. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, United States of America, 106, 1848 –1852.
Murray, J., and Renard, A. F., 1891. Report on deep-sea deposits. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger During the Years 1873–76. Edinburgh: Neill and Co., 520 p.
Palacios, S. L., and Zimmerman, R. C., 2007. Response of eelgrass Zostera marina to CO2 enrichment: possible impacts of climate change and potential for remediation of coastal habitats. Marine Ecology – Progress Series, 344, 1–13.
Sabine, C. L., Key, R. M., Kozyr, A., Feely, R. A., Wanninkhof, R., Millero, F. J., Peng, T.-H., Bullister, J. L., and Lee, K., 2005. Global Ocean Data Analysis Project: Results and Data. Oak Ridge, TN: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, ORNL/CDIAC-145, NDP-083.
Sandberg, P. A., 1983. An oscillating trend in phanerozoic non-skeletal carbonate mineralogy. Nature, 305,19–22.
Silverman, J., Lazar, B., Cao, L., Caldeira, K., and Erez, J., 2009b. Coral reefs may start dissolving when atmospheric CO2 doubles. Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L05606, doi:10.1029/2008GL036282.
Silverman, J., Lazar, B., and Erez, J., 2009a. Effect of aragonite saturation, temperature, and nutrients on the community calcification rate of a coral reef. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, C05004, doi:10.1029/2006JC003770.
Tribollet, A., Godinot, C., Atkinson, M. J., and Langdon, C., 2009. Effects of elevated pCO2 on dissolution of coral carbonates by microbial euendoliths. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 23, GB3008, doi:10.1029/2008GB003286.
Veron, J. E. N., 2008. Mass extinctions and ocean acidification: biological constraints on geological dilemmas. Coral Reefs, 27, 459–472.
Yates, K. K., and Halley, R. B., 2006. CO3 2− concentration and pCO2 thresholds for calcification and dissolution on the Molokai reef flat, Hawaii. Biogeosciences, 3, 357–369.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this entry
Cite this entry
Kleypas, J.A. (2011). Ocean Acidification, Effects on Calcification. In: Hopley, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2639-2_118
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2639-2_118
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-2638-5
Online ISBN: 978-90-481-2639-2
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences