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The Role of Zooplankton in the Diets of Certain Sub-Antarctic Marine Fish

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Antarctic Nutrient Cycles and Food Webs

Summary

The so-called benthic fish of the Southern Ocean are classically known as benthophagous species. However, recent studies have shown that in some cases zooplankton predominates in their diets. Nototheniids and channichthyids were studied at Kerguelen and Crozet islands, where it was found that the young of Notothenia rossii are coastal and feed on benthic invertebrates but the adults, which live offshore at depths of 100–400 m, have diets mainly composed of planktonic organisms such as euphausiids, medusae and salps. Notothenia squamifrons is widely distributed in the area, but rarely occurs in shallow waters. It feeds on salps, medusae and amphipods. Dissostichus eleginoides is a predator on other fish, its young feeding on euphausiids and other zooplankters. The diet of Champsocephalus gunnari is based on euphausiids, pelagic amphi-pods and pelagic fish, such as myctophids. Channichthys rhinoceratus is mainly a predator of young fish. These plankton-based diets suggest that the fishes’ foraging behaviour is attuned to the movements of their prey. For example, Champsocephalus gunnari migrates upwards during the night to catch its prey. The other species probably behave similarly, but their time of feeding is not known. This type of diet may also reflect the lack of rich benthic communities at the depths where the fish are most abundant.

Résumé

Les poissons dits benthiques sont connus pour être classiquement benthophages. De récentes études ont cependant montré que dans quelques cas, le zooplancton prédomine dans leur régime alimentaire. Les Nototheniidae et les Channichthyidae on été étudiés au large des iles Kerguelen et Crozet où il a été démontré que les juvéniles de Notothenia rossii sont côtiers et qu’ils tirent leur nourriture d’invertébrés benthiques mais les adultes qui vivent au large, à des profondeurs comprises entre 100 et 400 mètres, possèdent un régime alimentaire à base d’organismes planctoniques tels que les euphausiacés, les méduses et les salpes. Notothenia squamifrons possède une vaste distribution géographique mais est rarement trouvé dans les eaux côtières. Sa nourriture se compose de salpes, méduses et amphipodes. Dissostichus eleginoides connu à l’état adulte comme prédateur d’autres poissons se nourrit pendant sa phase juvénile d’euphausiacés et d’autres organismes zooplanctoniques. Champsocephalus gunnari présente un régime alimentaire composé d’euphausiacés, d’amphipodes pélagiques et de poissons pélagiques tels que les Myctophidae. Enfin Channichthys rhinoceratus est principalement un prédateur de jeunes poissons. Un tel régime alimentaire de type planctonique suggère que ces espèces ont un comportement lié aux mouvements de leurs proies. Par exemple: Champsocephalus gunnari effectue des migrations verticales nycthémérales pour capturer ses proies. Les autres espèces possèdent probablement un comportement similaire, mais leur période d’alimentation est encore difficile à préciser. Ce type de régime alimentaire peut aussi refléter l’absence de riches communautés benthiques aux profondeurs où ces poissons sont les plus abondants.

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© 1985 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Duhamel, G., Hureau, J.C. (1985). The Role of Zooplankton in the Diets of Certain Sub-Antarctic Marine Fish. In: Siegfried, W.R., Condy, P.R., Laws, R.M. (eds) Antarctic Nutrient Cycles and Food Webs. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82275-9_59

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82275-9_59

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-82277-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-82275-9

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