Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Differential Diagnosis of Liver Diseases by Enzyme Patterns. A Historical Review

  • Chapter
Clinical Hepatology

Abstract

We can consider the years 1954–55 as the birthdate of modern clinical enzymology. Two observations have established the foundation of modern clinical enzymology: In 1954, La Due etal. [1] observed an increase in the AsT activity in the serum of patients with acute myocardial infarction, and in 1955, De Ritis et al. [2, 3] observed an increase of AsT and AlT in the serum of patients with acute viral hepatitis. This basic discovery aroused immediate world-wide interest in clinical enzymology research, systemically applied to the study of liver and biliary tract diseases. Since then, numerous enzymatic activities have been found to be present or increased in the serum of patients with acute chronic liver diseases and in biliary tract diseases. These activities have been classified according to their function, on the basis of the role they play in the various stages of the different metabolic cycles or their different intracellular localization.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. LaDue JS, Wroblewski F, Karmen A (1954) Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in cardiac disease. Science 120: 497

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. De Ritis F, Coltorti M, Giusti G (1955) Attività transaminasiche del siero nell’epatite virale. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 31: 394

    Google Scholar 

  3. De Ritis F, Coltorti M, Giusti G (1955) Attività transaminasiche del siero nell’epatite virale. Minerva Med 1: 1207

    Google Scholar 

  4. De Ritis F, Giusti G, Piccinino F, Cacciatore L (1965) Biochemical laboratory tests in viral hepatitis and other hepatic diseases. Bull Org Mond Sante 32: 54

    Google Scholar 

  5. De Ritis F, Cacciatore L (1974) Clinical enzymology in liver and biliary tract diseases: 20 years of experience. In Burlina A (ed) Proc 6th Int Symp on Clinical Enzymology, Venice, October 1974, pp 393–429 Kurtis s.c.l. Milano

    Google Scholar 

  6. King J (1965) In: King J (ed) Practical enzymology. Van Nostrand, Reinhold, Workingham New York Toronto Melbourne

    Google Scholar 

  7. Muting D, Reikowski H (1965) Protein metabolism in liver diseases. In: Popper H, Schaffner F (eds) Progress in liver diseases, vol II. Grüne & Stratton, New York, p 87

    Google Scholar 

  8. Wilkinson JH (1968) Fundamental considerations of hepatic enzymes. In: Sunderman FW, Sunderman FW Jr (eds) Laboratory of liver diseases. Warren H Green, St. Louis, Missouri, p 69

    Google Scholar 

  9. Zimmerman HJ, Henry JB (1974) Serum enzyme determinations as an aid to diagnosis. In: Davidsohn I, Henry JB (eds) Clinical diagnosis by laboratory methods. Saunders, Philadelphia, p 852

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bergmeyer HU, Bernt E (1963) Glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase. Determination with malic dehydrogenase as indicator enzyme. In: Bergmeyer HU (ed) Methods of enzymatic analysis. Verlag Chemie Acad Press, New York London

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bergmeyer HU, Bernt E (1963) Glutamate-pyruvate transaminase. Determination with lactic dehydrogenase as indicator enzyme. In: Bergmeyer HU (ed) Methods of enzymatic analysis. Verlag Chemie Acad Press, New York London

    Google Scholar 

  12. Reitman S, Frankel S (1956) A colorimetrie method for the determination of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminases. Am J Clin Pathol 28: 56

    Google Scholar 

  13. Wroblewski F, LaDue G (1956) Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in cardiac and hepatic disease. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 91: 569

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Giusti G, Ruggiero G, Cacciatore L (1969) A comparative study of some spectrophotometric and colorimetric procedures for the determination of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in hepatic diseases. Enzymol Biol Clin 10: 17

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Cacciatore L, Filosa E, Ruggiero G (1969) Applicazione dei metodi spettrofotometrici ottimali per la determinazione dell’attività glutammico-ossalacetico e glutammico-piruvico transaminasi del siero nella diagnostica delle epatopatie. Fegato 15: 133

    Google Scholar 

  16. Ellis G, Goldberg DM, Spooner RJ, Mildford Ward A (1978) Serum enzyme tests in diseases of the liver and biliary tree. Am J Clin Pathol 70: 248

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Skrede S, Blonhoff JP, Gjone J (1976) Biochemical features of acute and chronic hepatitis. Ann Clin Res 8: 182

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Solberg HE, Skrede S, Blomhoff JP (1975) Diagnosis of liver diseases by laboratory results and discriminant analysis. Identification of best combinations of laboratory tests. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 35: 713

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. De Ritis F, et al. (1965) Osservazioni cliniche su la diagnosi, la prognosi e la terapia dell’epatite virale. Riforma Med 50: 59

    Google Scholar 

  20. Schmidt E, Schmidt FW (1967) Guide to practical enzyme diagnosis. Boehringer & Son, Mannheim

    Google Scholar 

  21. Bodanskij A. Jaffe HL (1933) Phosphatase studies. IV. Serum Phosphatase of non-osseus origin; significance of variations of serum phosphatase in jaundice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 31: 107

    Google Scholar 

  22. Phelan MB, Neale G, Moss OW (1971) Serial studies of serum alkaline phosphatase and 5’-nucleotidase levels in hepatobiliary disease. Clin Chim Acta 32: 95

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Coltorti M, De Simone A, Del Vecchio Blanco C, Barbieri AM (1964) Valutazione di alcuni indici enzimatici e del test di Jirgl nella differenziazione fra ittero epatocellulare e colostatico. Policlinico Sez Prat 71: 81

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Piccinino F, Balestrieri G, Giusti G (1966) L’analisi discriminante applicata alla diagnosi differenziale precoce tra epatite virale ed ittero colostatico mediante la valutazione di alcune attività enzimatiche del siero. Biochim Appi 13: 282

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Giusti G (1967) Le prove di laboratorio per la diagnosi dell’epatite virale. Symposium sull’Epatite Virale. Convegni Farmitalia, Milano, Maggio 1967

    Google Scholar 

  26. Zimmerman HJ (1968) Manifestations of hepatotoxicity. In: Sunderman FW, Sunderman FW Jr (eds) Laboratory diagnosis of liver diseases. Warren H Green, St Louis, Missouri, p 349

    Google Scholar 

  27. Burlina A (1971) I tests enzimatici nella valutazione del danno epatico da farmaci. Fegato 17: 527

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Coltorti M, De Simone A, Budillon G (1971) Aspetti fìsiopatologici diagnostici della ricerca enzimologica sierica nelle epatopatie. Atti Simp Int Diagnostica Epatopatie Siena, 1971. Quad Sciavo Diagn 7: 937

    Google Scholar 

  29. Gerlac V (1963) SOD activity in human organs. In: Bergmeyer HU (ed) Methods of enzymatic analysis. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim Deerfield Beach, FI Basel

    Google Scholar 

  30. Schmidt E, Schmidt FW (1967) Guide to practical enzyme diagnosis. Boehringer & Son, Mannheim

    Google Scholar 

  31. Coltorti M, Di Simone A, Paladino L (1961) Ricerche sperimentali sulle modalità di scomparsa dal plasma di attività enzimatiche di provenienza epatica. Fegato 7: 217

    Google Scholar 

  32. Dublin R, Wroblewski F (1968) The clinical significance of enzymes in hepatic diseases. In: Sunderman FW, Sunderman FW Jr (eds) Diagnosis of liver diseases. Warren H Green, St Louis, Missouri

    Google Scholar 

  33. Fiorelli G, Salerno F, Barrai MC, Reali G (1972) Limiti nell’utilizzazione clinica degli isoenzimi della latticodeidrogenasi del siero. Quad Sciavo Diagn 8: 253

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Ruggiero G, Filosa E, Cacciatore L (1969) Significato della determinazione dell’attività glutam-mico-deidrogenasi del siero nella diagnostica differenziale delle epatopatie itterigene. Fegato 15: 59

    Google Scholar 

  35. Schmidt E, Schmidt FW (1962) Methode und Wert der Bestimmung der Glutaminsäure-Dehydrogenase Aktivität im Serum. Ein Beitrag zur Bedeutung der Untersuchung von Enzym-Relationen im Serum. Klin Wochenschr 40: 962

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Schmidt FW (1964) Enzymbestimmungen zur Diagnose und Verlaufsbeobachtung von Lebererkrankungen. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin, 70 Kongreß 1964. J.F. Bergman, Munic

    Google Scholar 

  37. Filippa G (1963) Die diagnostische Bedeutung der Glutamat Dehydrogenase Aktivität im Serum. Enzymol Biol Clin 3: 97

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Coodly EL (1969) Enzyme diagnosis in hepatobiliary disease. Am J Gastroenterol 52: 189

    Google Scholar 

  39. Cohen L (1969) Serum enzyme determinations: their reliability and value. Med Clin North Am 53: 115

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Konttinen A, Mupli V, Salmenkivi K (1971) The diagnosis of hepatobiliary diseases by serum enzyme analyses. Acta Med Scand 189: 529

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Phelan MB, Neale G, Moss OW (1971) Serial studies of serum alkaline phosphatase and 5-nucleotidase levels in hepatobiliary disease. Clin Chim Acta 32: 95

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Aronses KF, Menson A, Noslin B (1975) The value of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in differentiating viral hepatitis from obstructive jaundice: a statistical comparison with alkaline phosphatase. Acta Chir Scand 130: 92

    Google Scholar 

  43. Gininski K (1976) La gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase à l’état physiologique et pathologique. Rev Int Hepatol 16: 1249

    Google Scholar 

  44. Villa L, Dioguardi N, Agostoni A, Ideo G, Stabilini R (1966) Prognostic value of serum glutamyl transpeptidase activity in liver disease. Enzymol Biol Clin 7: 109

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Whitefield R, Pounder RE, Neale G, Moss DW (1972) Serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in liver disease. Gut 13: 702

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. King J (1965) Lactate dehydrogenase. In: King J (ed) Practical enzymology. Van Nostrand Reinhold, Wokingham New York Toronto Melbourne, p 83

    Google Scholar 

  47. Ito K, Nakagawa J, Minakuchi C, Fusaki M (1971) A clinical evalutation of serum monoamino oxidase, with special reference to hepatic fibrosis. Digestion 4: 49

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Cacciatore L, Mazzacca G (1974) Utilità della determinazione della monoaminoossidasi sierica nella valutazione delle malattie del fegato. Riforma Med 48: 1321

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Internal Medicine, II School of Medicine, University of Naples, Naples, Italy

    F. De Ritis (Director)

  2. Institute of Community Medicine and of Reception Unit, II School of Medicine, University of Naples, Naples, Italy

    L. Cacciatore (Director)

Authors
  1. F. De Ritis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. L. Cacciatore
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Research, Heimhuder Straße 46, D-2000, Hamburg 13, Germany

    Géza Csomós M.D.

  2. School of Medicine, University of Vienna, Austria

    Heribert Thaler M.D. (Assoc. Professor, Head of the 4th Medical Department) (Assoc. Professor, Head of the 4th Medical Department)

  3. Wilhelminenspital of the City of Vienna, 16, Montlearstraße 37, A-1171, Vienna, Austria

    Heribert Thaler M.D. (Assoc. Professor, Head of the 4th Medical Department) (Assoc. Professor, Head of the 4th Medical Department)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

De Ritis, F., Cacciatore, L. (1983). Differential Diagnosis of Liver Diseases by Enzyme Patterns. A Historical Review. In: Csomós, G., Thaler, H. (eds) Clinical Hepatology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68748-8_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68748-8_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-68750-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-68748-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation