Abstract
This study seeks to address gaps in our understanding of the complex coupled energy and water balance of the active layer, the boundary between atmosphere and permafrost. Measurement profiles installed in a variety of landscapes provided microclimatological, hydrological, chemical and physical data, including radiative energy, soil water contents, soil water chemistry and soil temperatures. It was found that the active layer freezes in one of two modes: either from the surface downward or in low water content nodes within the soil profile. The mode of freezing appears to depend on both soil heterogeneity and soil volumetric water content. Even at temperatures of less than -10C a significant volume of water remains unfrozen, an important consideration because the freezing process is the dominant heat source for the active layer in the fall. Solute exclusion has little effect on the soil water concentration profile, and thus little effect on the progress of freezing.
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References
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Boike, J., Overduin, P.P. (1999). Seasonal Changes in Hydrology, Energy Balance and Chemistry in the Active Layers of Arctic Tundra Soils in Taymyr Peninsula, Russia. In: Kassens, H., et al. Land-Ocean Systems in the Siberian Arctic. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60134-7_26
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60134-7_26
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
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