Abstract
One of the world’s fastest-growing economies, India is also home to 30 % of the world’s “energy poor”. The result is rapidly rising energy demand that will have to be met in the face of considerable development challenges, including the need to ensure economic growth and poverty reduction while at the same time dealing with environmental impacts such as carbon emissions. The multi-dimensional nature of its energy challenge has spurred the country to go beyond earlier strategies focused on securing energy imports. It now seeks to also take advantage of the complementarities offered by renewable energy, improved energy efficiency and other sustainable energy options.
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Notes
- 1.
World Bank, 2011, “Energy and Mining”, at: http://data.worldbank.org/topic/energy-and-mining (28 September 2011).
- 2.
World Bank, 2011, “CO2 Emissions (Metric Tons Per Capita)”, at: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.CO2E.PC (28 September 2011).
- 3.
Prime Minister’s Office, n.d., “The Energy Coordination Committee”, at: http://pmindia.nic.in/eccbody.htm (5 June 2008).
- 4.
Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board, n.d., “Objective of the Board”, at: http://www.pngrb.gov.in/ (5 June 2008).
- 5.
Sharma, Rakesh, “India Unveils Strategic Oil Stockpile Plans”, in: The Wall Street Journal (21 December 2011), at: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204464404577111893998225190.html?mod=googlenews_wsj (10 January 2012).
- 6.
Several of these issues were raised at the Dialogue on Biofuels and Energy Security, a seminar organised by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) in August (2007).
- 7.
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a flexible mechanism by which certain (“Annex 1”) countries under the Kyoto Protocol of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) can meet a part of their carbon caps using Certified Emission Reductions from carbon emission reduction projects in developing countries.
- 8.
In fluidised bed combustion (FBC), coal is burned in a reactor comprising a bed through which gas is fed to keep the fuel in a turbulent state. This improves combustion, heat transfer and recovery of waste products. FBC systems improve the environmental impact of coal-based electricity, reducing certain emissions by 90 %. Supercritical and ultra-supercritical technologies operate at increasingly higher temperatures and pressures and therefore achieve higher efficiencies than conventional units. Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants use a gasifier to convert coal (or other carbon-based materials) to syngas, which is then cleaned and used in a gas turbine to produce electricity. Waste heat from the gas turbine is recovered to create steam, which drives a steam turbine, producing more electricity.
- 9.
Mohan, M.P. Ram, “How Safe Is India’s Nuclear Energy Programme”, in: livemint.com (23 August 2011), at: http://www.livemint.com/2011/08/22202845/How-safe-is-India8217s-nucl.html (accessed in 1 November 2011).
- 10.
Petroleum Planning and Analysis Cell, “Petroleum prices and under-recoveries” (9 January 2011), in: http://ppac.org.in/WRITEREADDATA/PS_oil_prices.pdf (9 January 2012).
Abbreviations
- AHWR:
-
Advanced heavy-water reactor
- CDM:
-
Clean development mechanism
- CTL:
-
Coal-to-liquids
- FBC:
-
Fluidised bed combustion
- GHG:
-
Greenhouse gas
- GW:
-
Gigawatt
- IEA:
-
International energy agency
- IEP:
-
Integrated energy policy
- IGCC:
-
Integrated gasification combined cycle
- IPCC:
-
Intergovernmental panel on climate change
- IPI:
-
Iran-Pakistan-India (pipeline)
- kgoe:
-
Kilogrammes of oil equivalent
- kWh:
-
Kilowatt-hour
- LNG:
-
Liquefied natural gas
- LPG:
-
Liquefied petroleum gas
- MBI:
-
Myanmar-Bangladesh-India (pipeline)
- MTEE:
-
Market transformation for energy efficiency
- mtoe:
-
Million tonnes of oil equivalent
- MW:
-
Megawatt
- OECD:
-
Organisation for economic co-operation and development
- PAT:
-
Perform, achieve and trade
- REC:
-
Renewable energy certificate
- RGGVY:
-
Rajiv Gandhi scheme for rural electricity, infrastructure and household electrification (Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana)
- RPO:
-
Renewable purchase obligation
- TAPI:
-
Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (pipeline)
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Rekha, K. (2012). Perspectives on India’s Energy Security. In: Caballero-Anthony, M., Chang, Y., Putra, N. (eds) Rethinking Energy Security in Asia: A Non-Traditional View of Human Security. SpringerBriefs in Environment, Security, Development and Peace, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29703-8_4
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