Abstract
Open surgical retractors provide continuous, unobstructed access to surgical sites. They unavoidably push the retracted tissue increasing intra-tissue pressure and reducing perfusion.
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© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Papavero, L. (2012). Spinal Retractors. In: Vieweg, U., Grochulla, F. (eds) Manual of Spine Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22682-3_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22682-3_5
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